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This report describes the work done by Science Applications International Corporation to study the effects of energetic particles on the microstability of a high temperature tokamak. The effects of an energetic population on ballooning modes in a large aspect ratio, shifted circular flux surface tokamak equilibrium are investigated with the newly developed gryokinetic numerical technique. The gryokinetic equations for the background ion and electron, as well as that of the energetic population are solved directly as an initial problem. The energetic particles are modeled with a slow-down distribution in energy. It is found that the ballooning mode stability of the plasma with an energetic species of increasing concentration does not differ much from an increase in the background plasma beta, except for possible energetic particle drift resonances. This result is encouraging to the idea that energetic particles such as alphas may be used to stabilize the ballooning modes in a fusion reactor.
This report describes the work done by Science Applications International Corporation to study the effects of energetic particles on the microstability of a high temperature tokamak. The effects of an energetic population on ballooning modes in a large aspect ratio, shifted circular flux surface tokamak equilibrium are investigated with the newly developed gryokinetic numerical technique. The gryokinetic equations for the background ion and electron, as well as that of the energetic population are solved directly as an initial problem. The energetic particles are modeled with a slow-down distribution in energy. It is found that the ballooning mode stability of the plasma with an energetic species of increasing concentration does not differ much from an increase in the background plasma beta, except for possible energetic particle drift resonances. This result is encouraging to the idea that energetic particles such as alphas may be used to stabilize the ballooning modes in a fusion reactor.
Hot .cap alpha.-particles and thermalized helium ash particles in tokamaks can have significant effects on high toroidal mode number instabilities such as the trapped-electron drift mode and the kinetically calculated magnetohydrodynamic ballooning mode. In particular, the effects can be stabilizing, destabilizing, or negligible, depending on the parameters involved. In high-temperature tokamaks capable of producing significant numbers of hot .cap alpha.-particles, the predominant interaction of the mode with the .cap alpha.-particles is through resonances of various sorts. In turn, the modes can cause significant anomalous transport of the .cap alpha.-particles and the helium ash. Here, results of comprehensive linear eigenfrequency-eigenfunction calculations are presented for relevant realistic cases to show these effects. 24 refs., 12 figs., 6 tabs.
Energetic trapped alpha particles interact through their precessional drift with high-mode-number ballooning modes in tokamaks. Due to the energy dependence of the precessional drift, the consequences of this interaction depend on the form of the alpha distribution function. Results are compared here for two forms of alpha distribution: a Maxwellian and a slowing-down distribution. The latter has a significantly greater influence on ballooning stability because of the larger fraction of particles in the energy range of the drift resonance. Also, due to the dependence on the critical velocity (.alpha. T/sub e/sup 1/2/), the stability boundaries and growth rates now are strong functions of the background electron temperature T/sub e/. Parameters typical of tokamak breakeven experiments such as the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) are considered. 7 refs., 7 figs.
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