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FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL International Edition is an authoritative book that provides readers with a good working knowledge of how and why the air traffic control system works. This book is appropriate for future air traffic controllers, as well as for pilots who need a better understanding of the air traffic control system. FUNDAMENTALS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, International Edition discusses the history of air traffic control, emphasizing the logic that has guided its development. It also provides current, in-depth information on navigational systems, the air traffic control system structure, control tower procedures, radar separation, national airspace system operation and the FAA's restructured hiring procedures. This is the only college level book that gives readers a genuine understanding of the air traffic control system and does not simply require them to memorize lists of rules and regulations.
Provides a thorough introduction to questions commonly asked on the air traffic control test. Includes 8 practice tests, appendix and glossary.
The aim of the research was to analyse the practical and daily dimension of the work of the air traffic control officer (ATCO). The ATCO is an operator able to handle unexpected situations within a complex operating, technological and regulatory system while maintaining a high level of reliability and safety. In particular, the work of the ATCO is characterized by two crucial elements: (1) the accurate management of time variables (air traffic management requires the air traffic controller to take decisions and act in extremely restricted fractions of time) and (2) continuous coordination with various items of technology and with other workers (pilots, other ATCOs and other types of personnel employed at airports). This means that it is an activity that at the same time presupposes both individual skills and capabilities and also collective capabilities, aimed at building a common space of mutual understanding and agreement with regard to the interpretive schemes to be utilised in order to deal with the multiple scenarios that can arise in the field of air traffic management. The aims of the research were descriptive-analytical in nature: Describe the characteristics of the ATCO profession, highlighting the aspects of reliability, safety and management of unexpected events; Describe and analyse the cognitive and organizational complexity of the ATCO's work. The research also involved goals of a practical-improvement kind, encouraging greater awareness in terms of: the operators, with reference to the management of unexpected events, to the cognitive and organizational complexity of air traffic control activity, to the operational specificities associated with maintaining and increasing effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and safety in the management of air traffic; The identification of improvement criteria for the initial selection and training (both at the start and then ongoing) of staff dedicated to air traffic control; The complexity of the work of ATCOs in areas different from those of an academic-professional kind, in order to promote an informed exchange of expertise outside the world of the operators in the sector. The research was promoted by four bodies: the Società Nazionale Assistenza al Volo (ENAV S.p.a.); the Associazione Nazionale Assistenti e Controllori Navigazione Aerea (ANACNA); the Confederazione Italiana Sindacati dei Lavoratori (FIT-CISL) and the Unione Italiana Controllo e Assistenza al Volo (UNICA). The research was carried out by a team from the Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale dell’Università of Milano-Bicocca, composed of Maurizio Catino (director of the research project), Alessia Bianco Dolino, Diego Coletto and Chiara Locatelli. The work presents some extremely innovative features in the field of studies available today regarding the profession of air traffic controller and constitutes the first research experience in this sector at an Italian level, as well as being one of first at an international level. In particular, these distinctive features involve, on the one hand, the research methodology used and, on the other hand, the theoretical frame of reference chosen for the analysis. As far as research methodology is concerned, the techniques of organizational ethnography have been employed. This involved a long period of observation in the field of work itself (448 hours of observation over the course of a year), making it possible to directly observe the work practices adopted by front-line operators, the main characteristics of the work and the specific operational needs of the profession. Specifically, observations were carried out in four operating locations: the Area Control Centres (ACCs) in Rome and Milan and the Control Towers (TWRs) at Malpensa and Fiumicino airports.
The origins of this book are in my first attempts to understand psychology as a post-war student in the Cambridge of the late 1940s. Sir Frederic Bartlett and his colleagues in the Psychology Department were talking and writing about the concept of the skill as the fundamental unit of behaviour. This made entire sense to me but not apparently to very many other people because the movement dwindled rapidly with the retirement of Sir Frederic in 1952. It got lost within performance studies which were essentially behaviouristic and stimulus-response in origin, a quite different style of thinking from the gestalt approach of skill psychology. This is not a simple dichotomy of course and skill psychology does go some way towards the analytic approach in accepting that a science needs to have a basic element, a unit from which the complexities of real behaviour can be constructed. into which it can be analysed and in terms of which it can be described and understood. The trick is to pick the right unit and I think that skills is an appropriate unit for human behaviour. Note the plural, although these units are elements they are not identical any more than the ninety-odd elements of the physical world are identical. The issue is sometimes clarified by considering the analogy with the attempt to describe a house. The simplest observable elements here are the brick. the piece of stone or the piece of wood.
In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
This two-volume set LNCS 6771 and 6772 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2011, held in Orlando, FL, USA in July 2011 in the framework of the 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2011 with 10 other thematically similar conferences. The 137 revised papers presented in the two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the thematic area of human interface and the management of information. The 62 papers of this second volume address the following major topics: access to information; supporting communication; supporting work, collaboration; decision-making and business; mobile and ubiquitous information; and information in aviation.
From the Foreword by Captain Daniel Maurino, ICAO: '...Air Traffic Control...will remain a technology-intensive system. People (controllers) must harmoniously interact with technology to contribute to achieve the aviation system’s goals of safe and efficient transportation of passengers and cargo...This book...considers human error and human factors from a contemporary and operational perspective and discusses the parts as well as the whole...I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I did.' The motivation for writing this book comes from the author’s long standing belief that the needs of Air Traffic Service personnel are inadequately represented in the aviation literature. There are few references to air traffic control in many of the books written for pilots and about pilots and this is also observed at the main international conferences. In line with the ICAO syllabus for human factors training for air traffic controllers, the book covers the main issues in air traffic control, with regard to human performance: physiology including stress, fatigue and shift work problems; psychology with emphasis on human error and its management, social psychology including issues of communication and working in teams, the environment including ergonomic principles and working with new technologies and hardware and software issues including the development of documentation and procedures and a study of the changes brought about by advanced technologies. Throughout the text there are actual examples taken from the air traffic control environment to illustrate the issues discussed. A full bibliography is included for those who want to read beyond these issues. It has been written for all in air traffic services, from ab initio to the boardroom; it is important that the men and women in senior management positions have some knowledge and awareness of the fundamental problems that limit and enhance human performance.
Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.