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Prior studies indicate clumped planting can increase grain sorghum yield up to 45% under water deficit conditions by reducing tiller number, increasing radiation use efficiency, and preserving soil water for grain fill. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of planting geometry on sorghum grain yield. The field study was conducted in seven environments with two sorghum hybrids, four populations, and two planting geometries. Crop responses included leaf area index, yield, and components of yield. Delayed planting decreased yield by 39%, and a later maturing hybrid increased yield, relative to an early hybrid, by 11% under water sufficiency. Clumped planting increased the fraction of fertile culms (culms which formed panicles) from 5-14%. It reduced the number of culms m−2 by 12% under water limiting conditions (at one of two locations) but increased culms m−2 16% under water sufficiency. Seeds per panicle and seed weight generally compensated for differences in panicles m−2, which were related to different planting population densities. Although agronomic characteristics of hybrids varying in maturity have been widely studied, little information exists concerning their physiological differences. Therefore, the objective of the greenhouse study was to determine if stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, and leaf chlorophyll content differed between two DeKalb grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids. They were DKS 36-16 and DKS 44-20, of medium-early and medium maturity, respectively, when grown under field conditions in Kansas. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse. Stomatal resistance and leaf temperature were measured 55 days after planting with a Decagon Devices (Pullman, WA) diffusion porometer, and chlorophyll content was measured 119 days after planting with a Konica Minolta (Osaka, Japan) SPAD chlorophyll meter. The two hybrids did not differ in stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, height, and dry weight. Their difference in maturity was not evident under the greenhouse conditions. Future work needs to show if hybrids of different maturities vary in physiological characteristics.
Field experiments were conducted at the University of Arizona Experiment Farm at Marana, Arizona, in 1970, to determine the effects of four plant populations on yield and agronomic characteristics of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar "Deltapine 16" and the grain sorghum[Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench] hybrid "DeKalb A25". Significant differences in seed cotton yield due to plant populations were found. Boll size, lint percent, lint index, seed index, seed per boll, fiber length (upper half mean), fiber strength, fiber fineness, and plant height were not significantly affected by plant population. The efficiency of mechanical harvesting increased with plant population. No significant differences were found in grain sorghum yield due to the plant populations used in this test. Plant height, heads per plot, and seed index increased with plant populations, but head weight, yield per plants, heads per plant, and seed moisture content decreased. Plant population did not affect trash percentage with the combine used in this experiment.