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Open-ended pipe piles are often used for the foundations of both land and offshore structures because of their relatively low driving resistance. In this study, calibration chamber tests were conducted on model pipe piles installed in sands with different soil conditions in order to investigate the effects of the pile installation method on penetration parameters and bearing capacity. Results of the test program showed that both the hammer blow count necessary to install the piles and the incremental filling ratio (IFR), which is used to indicate the degree of soil plugging in open-ended piles, decreased (1) with increasing hammer weight for the same driving energy, and (2) with increasing hammer weight at the same fall height. The base and shaft load capacities of the piles were observed to increase (1) with increasing hammer weight for the same driving energy, and (2) with increasing hammer weight for the same fall height. It was also observed that the noise level observed during pile driving decreases (1) as the driving energy decreases and (2) as the hammer weight increases for the same driving energy. Model jacked piles were also installed and tested. The jacked piles were found to have higher bearing capacities than identical driven piles under similar conditions, mostly due to the more effective development of soil plugging in jacking than in driving.
One of the major difficulties in predicting the capacity of pipe piles in sand has resulted from a lack of understanding of the physical processes that control the behavior of piles during installation and loading. This monograph presents a detailed blue print for developing experimental facilities necessary to identify these processes. These facilities include a unique instrumented double-walled pipe-pile that is used to delineate the frictional stresses acting against the external and internal surfaces of the pile. The pile is fitted with miniature pore-pressure transducers to monitor the generation of pore water pressure during installation and loading. A fast automatic laboratory pile hammer capable of representing the phenomena that occur during pile driving was also developed and used.
Plugging of pipe piles is an important phenomenon, which is not adequately accounted for in the current design recommendations of open ended pipe piles. An open-ended pipe pile is said to be plugged when the soil inside the pile moves down with the pile, resulting in the pile becoming effectively closed-ended. Plugging is believed to result in an increase in horizontal stresses between the pile and the surrounding soil, which results in an increase in skin friction. The present study investigates the effect of plug on pile load capacity and effect of plug removal. Different parameters are considered such as pile diameter to length ratio, type of installation in sand of different densities, removal of plug in three stages (50%, 75% and 100%) with respect to length of plug. Kerbala sand, which is used as a foundation soil is poorly graded clean sand. The sand was prepared at different densities using a raining technique. To simulate the pile load test in the field, a new apparatus was manufactured. A driving-pressing system for pile installation was manufactured in this study. The soil plug is removed by a device manufactured to remove the soil column entrapped inside the pipe piles
One of the major difficulties in predicting the capacity of pipe piles in sand has resulted from a lack of understanding of the physical processes that control the behavior of piles during installation and loading. This monograph presents a detailed blue print for developing experimental facilities necessary to identify these processes. These facilities include a unique instrumented double-walled pipe-pile that is used to delineate the frictional stresses acting against the external and internal surfaces of the pile. The pile is fitted with miniature pore-pressure transducers to monitor the generation of pore water pressure during installation and loading. A fast automatic laboratory pile hammer capable of representing the phenomena that occur during pile driving was also developed and used.
An experimental program using large model piles in sand was conducted to study the shaft resistance behavior of piles subject to uplift loads. Model single pipe piles of different diameters (45 to 178 mm) were subjected to static uplift loading to failure. The piles, which had an embedded length of about 1.7 to 2 m, were installed in a large test pit (3 by 3 by 3 m) by three different methods (driving, jacking, and a reference undisturbed method with negligible lateral displacement) to assess the influence of method of installation on shaft resistance. The tests were performed in two initial densities of a sand (loose and dense). The experimental results were analyzed statistically. The results show that the initial sand density and the method of pile installation are the most significant factors that affect uplift capacity. Installation methods that cause less disturbance give higher uplift capacity. Unit shaft resistance could be reduced as much as by half depending on the method of pile installation relative to the undisturbed method. The displacement at the ultimate uplift load is in the range of 5 to 12.5 mm and independent of soil type and pile diameter, but depends on method of pile installation.
The Second International Conference on Press-in Engineering (ICPE) 2021 was organized by the International Press-in Association (IPA). The conference is held every three years and the main theme this time is "Evolution and Social Contribution of Press-in Engineering for Infrastructure Development, and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation". These proceedings contain 2 keynote lectures, 3 state-of-the-art lectures and about 60 papers from more than 10 countries. This publication provides good practice guidance on the application of the press-in piling method, to satisfy the requirements of geo-structures which are embedded utilizing prefabricated piles. It covers actual examples of the press-in piling method applied to various geo-structures, such as temporary and permanent retaining walls, cofferdams, cut-off walls, foundation piles etc. The content addresses the technical and construction issues relating to the selection of the appropriate type of press-in piling method, in accordance with required structural design criteria and soil and working conditions. The aim of this publication is to concisely describe practical uses of the press-in piling method for project owners, designers, contractors, academic researchers and other people in the construction industry.
The Sand Compaction Pile or (SCP) method is used frequently in construction to form compacted sand piles by vibration, dynamic impact or static excitation in soft ground. Originally developed in Japan to improve stability or compressibility and to prevent liquefaction failure in loose sand, the SCP method is now often applied to soft clay ground to ensure stability and reduce ground settlement. This book presents detailed descriptions of design, execution, quality control, equipment and assurance aspects of the SCP method, illustrating the theory with case studies from around Japan and also including a thorough overview of the existing literature on research and development carried out since the 1950s. Two final chapters cover vital aspects of design procedures for clay and sandy ground to enable practitioners to frame an appropriate set of parameters for durable and cost-efficient design.
This indispensable handbook provides state-of-the-art information and common sense guidelines, covering the design, construction, modernization of port and harbor related marine structures. The design procedures and guidelines address the complex problems and illustrate factors that should be considered and included in appropriate design scenarios.