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This textbook lays out the state of the art for modeling of asphalt concrete as the major structural component of flexible pavements. The text adopts a pedagogy in which a scientific approach, based on materials science and continuum mechanics, predicts the performance of any configuration of flexible roadways subjected to cyclic loadings. The authors incorporate state-of the-art computational mechanics to predict the evolution of material properties, stresses and strains, and roadway deterioration. Designed specifically for both students and practitioners, the book presents fundamentally complex concepts in a clear and concise way that aids the roadway design community to assimilate the tools for designing sustainable roadways using both traditional and innovative technologies.
The use of hydrated lime in Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures can reduce permanent deformation, long-term aging, and moisture susceptibility of mixtures. In addition, hydrated lime increases the stiffness and fatigue resistance of mixtures. This study evaluated (1) the fundamental engineering properties of HMA mixtures containing hydrated lime as compared to conventional mixtures designed to meet the current Louisiana Superpave specifications and (2) the influence of the method of addition of hydrated lime on the mechanical properties of HMA mixtures. A Louisiana Superpave 19.0 mm Level II HMA mixture design was utilized. Siliceous limestone aggregates and three asphalt binders, a neat PG 64-22 and two Styrene-Butadiene (SB) polymer modified binders meeting Louisiana specifications for PG 70-22M and PG 76-22M were included. Based on the same mixture design, three conventional and six hydrated lime treated HMA mixtures were developed. The conventional mixtures contained no hydrated lime and the three aforementioned asphalt binders respectively. The lime treated mixtures were produced by incorporating hydrated lime into the HMA mixture in two ways: "slurry" or "paste" method when hydrated lime was mixed with the aggregate as slurry and "dry" or "no-paste" method when dry hydrated lime was blended with the asphalt binders. For each lime treatment method, three HMA mixtures were produced using the three identical asphalt cements (PG 64-22, PG 70-22M, and PG 76-22M) utilized in the three conventional mixtures. The overall results from mechanistic tests on HMA mixtures and rheological tests on asphalt binders indicated that the addition of hydrated lime improved the permanent deformation characteristics of the HMA mixtures. This improvement was substantial particularly at higher testing temperatures for mixtures containing polymer modified asphalt binders.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 325: Significant Findings from Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing documents and summarizes the findings from the various experimental activities associated with full-scale accelerated pavement testing programs.
Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the use of hydrated lime as an antistrip additive in hot mix asphalt concrete. Batch and drum mix plants were used to prepare the paving mixtures. Lime was added dry and in slurry form. Individual aggregates and the total aggregate were separately treated with lime slurry and allowed to age for different time periods from a few minutes to 30 days before mixing with asphalt. Laboratory mixed and plant mixed asphalt concrete was tested using indirect tension and resilient modulus before and after moisture conditioning. Results indicate that lime is effective in reducing moisture susceptibility and that it is most effective when applied in the presence of moisture. In addition, a time delay after application of lime to aggregate is unnecessary. There are no significant differences in mixtures produced in batch and drum plants.
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