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This textbook presents the basic elements needed to understand and engage in research in semiconductor physics. It deals with elementary excitations in bulk and low-dimensional semiconductors, including quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. The basic principles underlying optical nonlinearities are developed, including excitonic and many-body plasma effects. The fundamentals of optical bistability, semiconductor lasers, femtosecond excitation, optical Stark effect, semiconductor photon echo, magneto-optic effects, as well as bulk and quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effects are covered. The material is presented in sufficient detail for graduate students and researchers who have a general background in quantum mechanics. Request Inspection Copy
This volume investigates the theory of the effect of static electric fields on one-electron states in. nanocylindrical and nanospherical heterolayers and quantized semiconductor films. Homogeneous external electrostatic field for all these structures has been considered as a "universal" modulating factor. For structures with radial symmetry, a study on the influence of radial static field and the electric field of a charged ring on one-electron states is presented. Chapters focusing on homogeneous field effect on low-dimensional excitonic states in the quantized films and quantum wires - in both wide bandgap and narrowband semiconductors - are also included. Other contents include calculations weak, moderate and strong electric fields, quantum-mechanical approximation and perturbation theory, the quasi-classical approximation (WKB method). Readers will benefit from the varied methodological to the subject which gives them a concrete analytical framework to solve problems related to nanoscale semiconductor design. The reference should prove to be useful to academics and professionals working in semiconductor nanoelectronics research and development.
A graduate textbook presenting the underlying physics behind devices that drive today's technologies. The book covers important details of structural properties, bandstructure, transport, optical and magnetic properties of semiconductor structures. Effects of low-dimensional physics and strain - two important driving forces in modern device technology - are also discussed. In addition to conventional semiconductor physics the book discusses self-assembled structures, mesoscopic structures and the developing field of spintronics. The book utilizes carefully chosen solved examples to convey important concepts and has over 250 figures and 200 homework exercises. Real-world applications are highlighted throughout the book, stressing the links between physical principles and actual devices. Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures provides engineering and physics students and practitioners with complete and coherent coverage of key modern semiconductor concepts. A solutions manual and set of viewgraphs for use in lectures are available for instructors, from [email protected].
Semiconductor Quantum Dots presents an overview of the background and recent developments in the rapidly growing field of ultrasmall semiconductor microcrystallites, in which the carrier confinement is sufficiently strong to allow only quantized states of the electrons and holes. The main emphasis of this book is the theoretical analysis of the confinement induced modifications of the optical and electronic properties of quantum dots in comparison with extended materials. The book develops the theoretical background material for the analysis of carrier quantum-confinement effects, introduces the different confinement regimes for relative or center-of-mass motion quantization of the electron-hole-pairs, and gives an overview of the best approximation schemes for each regime. A detailed discussion of the carrier states in quantum dots is presented and surface polarization instabilities are analyzed, leading to the self-trapping of carriers near the surface of the dots. The influence of spin-orbit coupling on the quantum-confined carrier states is discussed. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of small and large quantum dots are studied in detail and the influence of the quantum-dot size distribution in many realistic samples is outlined. Phonons in quantum dots as well as the influence of external electric or magnetic fields are also discussed. Last but not least the recent developments dealing with regular systems of quantum dots are also reviewed. All things included, this is an important piece of work on semiconductor quantum dots not to be dismissed by serious researchers and physicists.
Optical methods for investigating semiconductors and the theoretical description of optical processes have always been an important part of semiconductor physics. Only the emphasis placed on different materials changes with time. Here, a large number of papers are devoted to quantum dots, presenting the theory, spectroscopic investigation and methods of producing such structures. Another major part of the book reflects the growing interest in diluted semiconductors and II-IV nanosystems in general. There are also discussions of the fascinating field of photonic crystals. `Classical' low dimensional systems, such as GsAs/GaAlAs quantum wells and heterostructures, still make up a significant part of the results presented, and they also serve as model systems for new phenomena. New materials are being sought, and new experimental techniques are coming on stream, in particular the combination of different spectroscopic modalities.
Optical methods for investigating semiconductors and the theoretical description of optical processes have always been an important part of semiconductor physics. Only the emphasis placed on different materials changes with time. Here, a large number of papers are devoted to quantum dots, presenting the theory, spectroscopic investigation and methods of producing such structures. Another major part of the book reflects the growing interest in diluted semiconductors and II-IV nanosystems in general. There are also discussions of the fascinating field of photonic crystals. `Classical' low dimensional systems, such as GsAs/GaAlAs quantum wells and heterostructures, still make up a significant part of the results presented, and they also serve as model systems for new phenomena. New materials are being sought, and new experimental techniques are coming on stream, in particular the combination of different spectroscopic modalities.
It is widely recognized that an understanding of the optical pro perties of matter will give a great deal of important information re levant to the fundamental physical properties. This is especially true in semiconductor physics for which, due to the intrinsic low screening of these materials, the optical response is quite rich. Their spectra reflect indeed as well electronic as spin or phonon transitions. This is also in the semiconductor field that artificial structures have been recently developed, showing for the first time specific physical properties related to the low dimentionality of the electronic and vi bronic properties : with this respect the quantum and fractional quan tum Hall effects are among the most well known aspects. The associated reduced screening is also a clear manifestation of these aspects and as such favors new optical properties or at least significantly enhan ces some of them. For all these reasons, it appeared necessary to try to review in a global way what the optical investigation has brought today about the understanding of the physics of semiconductors. This volume collects the papers presented at the NATO Advanced study Inst i tut e on "Optical Properties of Semiconductors" held at the Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Sicily on March 9th to 20th, 1992. This school brought together 70 scientists active in research related to optical properties of semiconductors. There were 12 lecturers who pro vided the main contributions .
Optical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors deals with various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena and related optical instabilities in semiconductors. Measurements and explanations of the optical nonlinearities of various semiconductor materials and structures are presented, along with optical bistability and diode laser thresholds; self-oscillations; and chaos. This text consists of 17 chapters and begins with an introductory chapter to the historical background of investigations of the resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors and their manifestations in optical instabilities. The discussion then turns to the experimentally observed optical nonlinearities in homogeneous semiconductors and the microscopic theory of the optical band edge nonlinearities. This book considers the studies of the spectral region close to the band gap meant to exploit the resonance enhancement of the nonlinear optical behavior. The remaining chapters focus on nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells; dense nonequilibrium excitations in gallium arsenide; optical decay and spatial relaxation; and optical bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers. A chapter that describes instabilities in semiconductor lasers concludes the book. This book is intended for research students and active research workers who are interested in the basic physics or in the device applications of optical nonlinearities and instabilities in semiconductors.
Get to grips with the fundamental optical and optoelectronic properties of nanostructures. This comprehensive guide makes a wide variety of modern topics accessible, and includes up-to-date material on the optical properties of monolayer crystals, plasmonics, nanophotonics, UV quantum well lasers, and wide bandgap materials and heterostructures. The unified, multidisciplinary approach makes it ideal for those in disciplines spanning nanoscience, physics, materials science, and optical, electrical and mechanical engineering. Building on work first presented in Quantum Heterostructures (Cambridge, 1999), this volume draws on years of research and teaching experience. Rigorous coverage of basic principles makes it an excellent resource for senior undergraduates, and detailed mathematical derivations illuminate concepts for graduate students, researchers and professional engineers. The examples with solutions included in the text and end-of-chapter problems allows the students to use this text to enhance their understanding.
Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots Second Edition: Theoretical andComputational Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures providesall the essential information, both theoretical and computational,for complete beginners to develop an understanding of how theelectronic, optical and transport properties of quantum wells,wires and dots are calculated. Readers are lead through a series ofsimple theoretical and computational examples giving solidfoundations from which they will gain the confidence to initiatetheoretical investigations or explanations of their own. Emphasis on combining the analysis and interpretation ofexperimental data with the development of theoretical ideas Complementary to the more standard texts Aimed at the physics community at large, rather than just thelow-dimensional semiconductor expert The text present solutions for a large number of realsituations Presented in a lucid style with easy to follow steps related toaccompanying illustrative examples