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Près de la moitié de la population mondiale vit encore dans des zones considérées comme rurales et la question de l'éducation qui y est dispensée concerne tous les pays, car elle participe du principe d'égalité d'accès à l'enseignement. Ce double constat est à l'origine de ce numéro 59 de la Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres, qui propose une analyse des réalités de l'école en milieu rural, au-delà des stéréotypes ou des représentations passéistes qui lui sont habituellement attachés. Neuf articles, suivis d'une riche bibliographie commentée, éclairent la diversité, non de la ruralité, mais des ruralités qui conditionnent le fonctionnement des écoles rurales sur les cinq continents. La complexité des situations est abordée dans ses dimensions structurelles, pédagogiques et économiques. L'école rurale est à la fois précaire et indispensable. Au-delà des particularismes propres à chaque pays, tous les auteurs évoquent des difficultés dues à l'éloignement géographique des grands centres urbains, aux faibles effectifs d'élèves concernés et aux surcoûts entraînés. Tous soulignent aussi les enjeux sociétaux de l'école rurale, comme lien social et maintien, voire facteur du développement local. Comment préserver la qualité de l'enseignement dans un contexte de marginalisation par rapport au modèle urbain ? P lusieurs expériences montrent que les contraintes propres aux écoles rurales peuvent susciter des démarches innovantes, elles-mèmes transférables à l'ensemble du système éducatif. Ne peut-on alors reconsidérer la place de l'éducation en milieu rural, et faire de sa particularité un atout pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'éducation ? Études de cas: Argentine, Australie, Burkina-Faso, Chine, Finlande, France, Tanzanie. Un numéro coordonné par Pierre-Louis Gauthier et Odile Luginbühl
The book weaves the story of the complex links between education and its territories. The aim here is to examine the education couple - understood in the broadest sense: school, college, high school, universities - and territory, according to three main axes: the history and the characterization of the different ties maintained And which the school and its territory always maintain; That of the categorization and characterization of the territories in which the school is situated, of the educational policies - both explicit and grassroots - connected with it and their effects on the school; That of recent pedagogical, didactic and organizational innovations. The book is based on French specialists in territorial education issues.
This comprehensive scientific work embraces, within the generic theme of "educations, territorialities and territories", the vast majority of different facets of the complex relationships between educations and territories that have developed over time. It sheds an original light on the many - and, for some, new - interactions between territories-territories, on the one hand, and educations, on the other hand, which have recently been identified and analyzed. Beyond this main objective, it contributes to improving the fine and differentiated understanding of the concept of territory in the sciences of education and training and, more importantly, it brings innovative developments to the still embryonic theorization of the complex relations between educations. and territories-territorialities. This book shows, in particular, through its surveys, its analyzes and its results, that within all the multiple influences attributed to the different dimensions of the territories, the very discrete territoriality - falling within the symbolic territory - is perhaps finally the the most important territorial vector in terms of education in certain areas (rural Montagnards, for example), particularly as regards educational and vocational guidance, but not only. Lastly, it is not uninteresting to note that the theme it bears is spreading more and more today beyond scientific circles: the problem of inequalities in education and orientation of territorial origin is fueling - recently - the controversies and the reflections of the French educational policy which is thus sometimes echoed - in declarative terms essentially for the moment! - scientific advances in this area
This book explores the complex and various forms that privatization of education takes on a global scale at different ages of schooling. Through the spread of neoliberal policies in education both in the global North and the global South, the book suggests that this process is leading to new forms of schooling and socio-spatial dynamics linked to the creation of increasingly competitive school markets. The book highlights some of the main issues that such competition generates by focusing on the acceleration of the segregative processes on one hand but also on the alternatives that are emerging regarding this global context on the other hand. It considers processes of domination, hegemony, but also exclusion and segregation, eventually exploring contradictions inherent to societies. It presents innovative empirical and conceptual research by international scholars from the fields of social geography, sociology, history and demography in the United States, Lebanon, France, Afghanistan and Chile, thereby transcending disciplinary boundaries. Developed in under or unexplored contexts, the book broadens the reflection to social representations, individual and collective strategies, adaptation, innovation and also resistances.
This edited book is a comprehensive resource for understanding the history as well as the current status of educational practices in Singapore. It is a one-stop reference guide to education and educational issues/concerns here. There are three sections: Part 1 provides a sectorial overview of how education has been organized in this country such as preschool, special needs, primary and secondary, and adult education divisions. In Part 2, contributors critically delve into issues and policies that are pertinent to understanding education here such as underachievement, leadership, language education, assessment, and meritocracy to question what Part 1 might have taken for granted. Part 3 contains the largest number of contributors because it offers a scholarly examination into specific subject histories. This section stands out because of the comparative rarity of its subject matter (history of Physical Education, Art, Music, Geography Education, etc.) in Singapore.
Economic growth and the creation of wealth have cut global poverty rates, yet vulnerability, inequality, exclusion and violence have escalated within and across societies throughout the world. Unsustainable patterns of economic production and consumption promote global warming, environmental degradation and an upsurge in natural disasters. Moreover, while we have strengthened international human rights frameworks over the past several decades, implementing and protecting these norms remains a challenge.These changes signal the emergence of a new global context for learning that has vital implications for education. Rethinking the purpose of education and the organization of learning has never been more urgent. This book is inspired by a humanistic vision of education and development, based on respect for life and human dignity, equal rights, social justice, cultural diversity, international solidarity and shared responsibility for a sustainable future. It proposes that we consider education and knowledge as global common goods, in order to reconcile the purpose and organization of education as a collective societal endeavour in a complex world.
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.