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Analyses the characteristics of structural adjustment programmes, agricultural responses to them, and the implementation of adjustment strategies in agriculture. Looks at agriculture as a source of economic imbalances, agricultural priorities, and the role of international organisations.
First published in 1997, this volume is intended to make a contribution to both the literature and the contentious debate on the relationship between structural adjustment and reconstruction and development in Africa, as seen from the multidisciplinary perspective of academics and practitioners working in Africa on African development problems and issues. The implementation of structural adjustment in Africa has spawned a considerable, and still on-going, debate with vociferous advocates on both sides of the issue, particularly with respect to the efficacy of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) as an antidote to Africa’s development crisis. This book contributes to that debate with a rich mixture of analytical views and ideas covering a wide range of countries and sectors on the role and impact of structural adjustment programmes on the process of reconstruction and development in Africa.
Focusing on Africa, Latin America and Asia, examines the origins, impacts and alternatives to the structural adjsutment programmes.
After more than a decade of experience with structural adjustment programs, the Hohenheim-Seminar of the European Association of Agricultural Economists «Food and Agricultural Policies under Structural Adjustment» brought together researchers and development experts to exchange research results and experiences; to explore alternative approaches that might be more effective for growth, institutional development and welfare; and to draw conclusions for food and agricultural policy design. The book consistently emphasizes that appart from agricultural prices non-price factors constitute in many countries the binding constraints to better agricultural performance. Improvements are needed in education, health, social services, transport and rural support institutions. Alleviating such constraints are longterm processes, and success cannot be expected overnight. At the same time, immediate actions are needed to protect the poor against negative effects of structural adjustment measures.
This paper applies, through a case study on Malawi, a simple methodology indicating the first-round (i.e., price) effects of macroeconomic policies on real earnings of the poor. As the economic program in Malawi has not involved substantial exchange rate action or cuts in subsidies, the real incomes of the poor have been most clearly affected by the pricing policies of the agricultural parastatal and the overall anti-inflationary measures incorporated in the program; developments in minimum wages have also been important. The study suggests that, on balance, these various factors have led to an increase in real incomes of the poor over the program period.