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Since economic sanctions are being used more frequently as a tool of foreign policy, analyzes (1) what political goals economic sanctions can and cannot achieve; (2) the social, economic, political and psychological effects of the measures; and (3) the situations in which sanctions are likely to succeed and when they may fail.
NSIAD-92-106 Economic Sanctions: Effectiveness as Tools of Foreign Policy
1989 ushered in a new age of freedom and prosperity. Thirty years later, the golden era is over. What went wrong? How did the age of globalization – of growing connectivity, affluence, and growth – give way? Jonathan Holslag navigates through the calm seas and rip tides of global politics from the Cold War to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. He tells a story of faltering momentum and squandered opportunities that explains how the West’s sources of strength were lost to rising consumerism, unbalanced trade, and half-hearted diplomatic engagement. All the while, other powers, like China and Russia, grew stronger. With his trademark verve, Holslag untangles the threads of this story to reveal that it was not so much the ambition of China, the cunning of Putin, or the greed of African strongmen that led the world into this dark place; it was the failure of the West to listen to its people, to show clear leadership, and reinvent itself, in spite of ample evidence that things were going awry.
The authors here discern a "humane" impulse rising against the prevailing tendencies of market-driven opportunism-an impulse rapidly becoming manifest in international law. With focus on the United Nations and the norms, processes, and institutions with which it responds to militarism and war, poverty and maldevelopment, ecological imbalance, social justice, and alienation, they suggest workable initiatives and procedures through which relevant United Nations agencies might be reformed and/or transformed to effectively meet the new challenges of the next century. CONTRIBUTORS: Hilary Charlesworth, Kenneth K.S. Dadzie, Richard Falk, Hilary F. French, Bjöern Hettne, Robert C. Johansen, David W. Kennedy, B.G. Ramcharan, Anne-Marie Slaughter, and Peter Weiss. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
The use of sanctions is increasing in the post-Cold War world. Along with this increase, the international community must ask itself whether sanctions 'work, ' in the sense that they incite citizens to change or overthrow an offending government, and whether sanctions are really less damaging than the alternative of war. Here for the first time, sanctions and humanitarian aid experts converge on these questions and consider the humanitarian impacts of sanctions along with their potential political benefits. The results show that often the most vulnerable members of targeted societies pay the price of sanctions, and that in addition, the international system is called upon to compensate the victims for the undeniable pain they have suffered. Well-chosen case studies of South Africa, Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and Haiti illustrate how much pain the community of states is willing to inflict upon civilians in the quest for political gains. Together with an analytical framework and policy conclusions, this important book seeks to clarify the range of options and strategies to policymakers who impose sanctions and to humanitarian officials who operate in sanctioned environments
This is the first of three related, empirically based studies examining the broad range of issues raised by the use of economic sanctions. This volume addresses the philosophy behind economic sanctions: why they are used and what they are meant to achieve. Ashari, Forrer, Teegen, and Yang go back through history to analyze whether or not economic sanctions have ben sucessful by measuinrg their historical impact and modeling their effectiveness, and they offer an analysis of the international and domestic business implications of sanctions in today's global economy. Of particular interest to scholars, students, researchers, and the public policy community involved with international busienss and economics and international relations.
Leading scholars analyse key dilemmas in the application of sanctions and inducements on states that violate international non-proliferation commitments.
The reader covers key aspects of the most complex issues of genocide studies vis-à-vis the definition of genocide, theories of genocide, the prevention and intervention of genocide, and the denial of genocide.