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This publication is the 8th in an annual series that reviews the continent's economic performance and near-term prospects. This report examines the recent trends and prospects. African economies continue to sustain the growth momentum of previous years, recording an overall real GDP growth rate of 5.7 per cent in 2006 compared to 5.3 per cent in 2005 and 5.2 per cent in 2004. As many as 28 countries recorded improvements in growth in 2006, relative to 2005. Only Zimbabwe recorded a negative growth rate in 2006. Africa's growth performance in 2006, as in previous years, was underpinned by improvement in macroeconomic management in many countries, and strong global demand for key African export commodities, sustaining high export prices, especially for crude oil, metals and minerals. But the growth rates still fall short of the levels required to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The continent faces the challenge of both accelerating growth and sustaining growth rates over an extended period. African countries need to sustain reforms to macroeconomic stability and improve the domestic investment climate to promote private sector activity. They also need to design strategies for diversification of their product and export base as a means of increasing growth and sustaining the growth momentum. The second part of the report looks at diversification trends, and suggests policies for achieving diversification.
A fact-filled reference book containing the latest economic information for most of the countries of Africa.
In 2007, Africa sustained the high growth momentum of the past few years, registering an average growth rate of 5.8%. As in previous years, Africa's growth performance in 2007 was driven mainly by robust global demand and high commodity prices. Other factors underpinning growth in Africa includes continued consolidation of macroeconomic stability and improving macroeconomic management, greater commitment to economic reforms, rising oil production in a number of countries, increased private capital flows, debt relief and increasing non-fuel exports. Africa has also witnessed a decline in political conflicts and wars, especially in West and Central Africa, though peace remains fragile in some parts of the continent. However, growth in Africa has not yet led to substantial employment generation. At the same time, vulnerable groups such as the aged, youth and people with disabilities have not benefited from Africa's growth recovery. African women and girls in particular continue to experience various forms of disrimination and social exclusion. Midway between the adoption of the MDGs and the 2015 target date, the available evidence indicates that the vast majority of African countries will not meet the goals if current financing trends continue. Consequently, the international community has now focused attention on how to scale-up financing for the continent. Implementation of the commitments in the Monterrey Consensus is critical to achieving the objective. Consequently the 2008 edition of the Economic Report on Africa assesses progress in terms of meeting commitments to Africa in the six core areas of the Monterrey Consensus: mobilising domestic financial resources for development; mobilising international resources of development; promoting international trade as an engine of development; increasing international financial and technical cooperation for development; external debt relief sustainability and addressing systemic issues.
This publication assesses long-term trends in Africa's growth, analyses the factors behind the recent growth momentum, and provides global perspectives on the key challenges to be addressed, which are critical to unleashing the role of Africa as a global growth pole. The main aim of this publication is to facilitate discussion on concrete policy directions and actions at both national and regional levels that would help Africa realize its growth potential. As in previous editions, the first part of the report examines recent economic and social developments as well as some selected current and emerging development issues in Africa. The second part focuses on the question of how to address key constraints and unleash the potential of the continent as a new pole of global growth.
The 2017 Economic Report on Africa focuses on the linkages between industrialization and urbanization. Urbanization is one of Africa mega trends with profound implications for the social, economic, environmental dimensions of growth and transformation. Theory and experience demonstrate that industrialization and urbanization can be mutually reinforcing processes. It is therefore imperative to explore the linkages between urbanization and industrialization given the profound implications for structural transformation in Africa. So far, current policy narratives and frameworks on structural transformation and industrialization in Africa have largely failed to factor in the spatial and urban dimensions of industrialization, and in particular the advantages presented by productivity enhancement and agglomeration effects generated by cities. Yet, the nexus between urbanization and industrialization is of particular relevance for Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. Both agendas recognize urbanization as a critical factor for sustainable development. It is also important to consider urbanization and industrialization in light of Africa's engagement with the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) to be held in Quito, Ecuador in October 2016. In this context, African policy makers have clearly recognized urbanization as an engine of structural transformation for inclusive and sustainable growth.
China and India's new-found interest in trade and investment with Africa - home to 300 million of the globe's poorest people and the world's most formidable development challenge - presents a significant opportunity for growth and integration of theSub-Saharan continent into the global economy. Africa's Silk Road finds that China and India's South-South commerce with Africa isabout far more than natural resources, opening the way for Africato become a processor of commodities and a competitive supplier of goods and services to these countries - a major departure from its long established relations with the North. A growing number of Chinese and Indian businesses active in Africa operate on a global scale, work with world-class technologies, produce products and services according to the most demanding standards, and foster the integration of African businesses into advanced markets.There are significant imbalances, however, in these emerging commercial relationships. These can be addressed through a series of reforms in all countries: 'At-the-border' reforms, such as elimination of China and India's escalating tariffs on Africa's leading exports, and elimination ofAfrica's tariffs on certain inputs that make exports uncompetitive 'Behind-the-border' reforms in Africa, to unleash competitive market forces and strengthen its basic market institutions 'Between-the-border' improvements in trade facilitation mechanisms to decrease transactions costs Reforms that leverage linkages between investment and trade, toallow African businesses to participate in global productionnetworks that investments by Chinese and Indian firms can generate.