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The International Joint Commission (IJC) was established between Canada and the United States under the Boundary Water Agreement in 1909. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the two countries (signed in 1972, revised and renewed in 1978) expresses the determination of each country to restore and en hance the water quality of the largest freshwater system in the world. The Agreement provides for two inter national boards to assist the IJC: the Great Lakes Water Quality Board and the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board. In 1982, the Dredging Subcommittee of the Great Lakes Water Quality Board was asked to investigate and provide an assessment of the environmental impacts of sediment-bound contaminants and to recom mend alternate strategies for solving ecological problems associated with the presence and removal of pollu tants. This issue however, was beyond the scope of the Dredging Subcommittee. It was then referred to the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board with a specific request that the Board focus on whether contaminated sediments located in areas with water quality problems and impaired uses should be removed and if so, under what conditions. The Science Advisory Board established a Task Force to address these issues with specific reference to: - provide the IJC with an assessment of the effects of sediment-bound contaminants on biota and water quality; - recommend appropriate remedies for possible application by the parties for remedial activities in the Great Lakes; and - identify gaps in knowledge and suggest appropriate investigations to provide this knowledge.
The papers in this SI present valuable results in the topics of soils, sediments, and water contamination according to the consideration of ecological and health risk. They also point out open questions and possible avenues for future research. Biochar application can benefit both soil conservation and contamination, but further research should be conducted to investigate whether these positive effects can be extended to the field scale. Similar to biochar, scale-up design will be helpful for thin-layer capping in in situ sediments using mixed active amendments. Both physiochemical analysis and bioassays mutually supported the evaluation results of river water quality. However, we need better approaches and policies for management to prevent further contamination from the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste into this aquatic ecosystem. The use of microorganisms to eliminate antibiotics is a promising strategy, but future work should verify the biodegradation ability of antibiotic-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.
Sediments are increasingly recognized as both a carrier and a possible source of contaminants in aquatic systems, and they may also affect groundwater quality and agricultural products when disposed on land. Four aspects are covered reflecting the development of knowledge in particle-associated pollutants during the past twenty-five years: - the identification, surveillance, monitoring and control of sources and distribution of pollutants, - the evaluation of solid/solution relations of contaminants in surface waters, - the study of in-situ processes and mechanisms of pollutant transfer in various compartments of the aquatic ecosystems, - the assessment of the environmental impact of particle-bound contaminants, i.e. the development of sediment quality criteria. A final chapter focusses on practical aspects concerning contaminated sediments.
Contaminated marine sediments threaten ecosystems, marine resources, and human health. They can have major economic impacts when controversies over risks and costs of sediment management interfere with needs to dredge major ports. Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways examines management and technology issues and provides guidance that will help officials make timely decisions and use technologies effectively. The book includes recommendations with a view toward improving decision making, developing cost-effective technologies, and promoting the successful completion of cleanup projects. The volume assesses the state of practice and research and development status of both short-term and longer-term remediation methods. The committee provides a conceptual overview for risk-based contaminated sediment management that can be used to develop plans that address complex technological, political, and legal issues and the interests of various stakeholders. The book emphasizes the need for proper assessment of conditions at sediment sites and adequate control of contamination sources.
In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion at a May 2005 NATO Advanced Research Workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments are discussed with emphasis on in-situ management. The text addresses physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments. The development of regulatory and strategic approaches is discussed with emphasis on the potential for biological remediation in the management of contaminated sediments.
The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand contaminated sediment sites and identify and design remedial approaches that are more efficient and effective. Contaminated sediment management is a difficult and costly exercise that is rarely addressed with easily identified and implemented remedies. It is hoped that this book can help identify and implement management approaches that provide an optimal, if not entirely satisfactory, solution to sediment contaminant problems.​