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In the void left by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created as a structure that would coordinate the foreign and security policies of member states, develop a common economic space, and provide for an orderly transition from the Soviet Union to the
This book focuses on the difficulties facing Russia, Ukraine and Belarus with regard to their integration into both the CIS and the encroaching EU. It analyzes the links between the integration mechanisms of the CIS and EU and the various state policies towards, and the elite interests in, the territory of the former Soviet Union.
V. The return of history.
How do the former Soviet republics that now constitute the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) interact with each other and with other regional and world powers? What are the conceptual foundations, mechanisms, and main directions of each member state's foreign policy? What role do economic and political factors play? Answering these questions and more in this systematic, comprehensive survey, a team of in-country experts sheds important light on the complex regional and international interactions of the CIS states in the twenty-first century.
The second edition of Major Business Organisations of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent Guide to the States provides comprehensive data on over 3,000 organisations including Manufacturers, Foreign Trading arrangement of this Organisations, Banks, Ministries, Chambers of Commerce and Services. book Due to the change in the import/export laws in Eastern Europe it is now possible to trade directly with many This book has been arranged in order to allow the reader organisations, and with over 5,000 named contacts and to find any entry rapidly and accurately. comprehensive details on each organisation, this directory enables the western business community to Company entries are listed alphabetically within each reach this new market. country section; in addition three indexes are provided on coloured paper at the back of the book. The information in this directory is the result of a careful research and extensive translation operation ensuring The alphabetical index of organisations throughout the entries are as accurate and up-to-date as possible. Eastern Europe and the c.rs. lists all entries in The Editors would like to express thanks to the huge alphabetical order irrespective of their main country of number of organisations who provided information about operation. themselves for inclusion in this book. The alphabetical index of organisations within each Whilst the editors have taken every care to ensure the country of Eastern Europe and the c.rs. lists information in this book is up-to-date, due to the fast organisations by their country of operation.
The third edition of Major Business Organisations of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent Guide to the States provides comprehensive data on over 3,000 organisations including Manufacturers, Foreign Trading arrangement of this Organisations, Banks, Ministries, Chambers of Commerce and Services. book Due to the change in the import/export laws in Eastern Europe it is now possible to trade directly with many This book has been arranged in order to allow the reader organisations, and with over 7,000 named contacts and to find any entry rapidly and accurately. comprehensive details on each organisation, this directory enables the western business community to Company entries are listed alphabetically within each reach this new market. country section; in addition three indexes are provided on coloured paper at the back of the book. The information in this directory is the result of a careful research and extensive translation operation ensuring The alphabetical index of organisations throughout the entries are as accurate and up-to-date as possible. Eastern Europe and the C.I.S. lists all entries in The Editors would like to express thanks to the huge alphabetical order irrespective of their main country of number of organisations who provided information about operation. themselves for inclusion in this book. The alphabetical index of organisations within each Whilst the editors have taken every care to ensure the country of Eastern Europe and the C.I.S. lists information in this book is up-to-date, due to the fast organisations by their country of operation.
The year 2016 marks the 25th anniversary of the official inauguration of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), a free association of sovereign states comprised of Russia and 11 other republics that were formerly part of the Soviet Union (The CIS--Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine; the South Caucasus--Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia plus disconnected Abkhazia and South Ossetia; and Central Asia--Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Although this loose association of states may not exist as a fixed-entity on the globe, it is believed that this bloc of countries will continue to build upon the various separate regions in the former Soviet space in the coming decade. Despite major differences country-to-country, groups within each state share many common economic, political, and cultural characteristics, which many hope will fade with the passing of those generations that remember the common state. In this context, the Russian Federation holds a unique position in the Euro-Pacific area. Separate, distinct, but still bordering these regions and related to all of them to differing degrees, in the 2010s Russia will step up efforts to become an independent center of gravity in Northern Eurasia. Leaning on its CIS allies and partners, Moscow is willing to fortify its stance vis-à-vis its geopolitical competitors--the European Union in the west, and China in the east. Nevertheless, the combination of factors that determined the plunge in the economy of the CIS since the second quarter of 2015 persists today. These factors included the sharp fall in commodities prices, restrictions on access to international capital markets due to sanctions against Russia and a deceleration in China, which is the region's main trading partner. Although economic conditions in most of the CIS economies are challenging, differences in growth dynamics persist. Oil and gas exporting countries, namely Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan, are seeing economic conditions deteriorating rapidly because of the sharp fall in energy prices. Meanwhile, most of the labor-exporting countries (Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Tajikistan) are seeing the deterioration in growth rates, mainly due to strong production in the agricultural sector and, in some cases, increased activity in the extractive sector. This book provides a regional analysis, as well as country scan, of the CIS regional block economies. We will examine their history since the breakup of the formal Soviet Union and the formation of the CIS bloc, including creation of regional agreements such as the CIS Free Trade Area and the Eurasian Economic Union, a single economic market which now represents more than 180 million people. As a whole, our text attempts to better understand current, and future, prospects for economic growth in the region, as well as their individual national challenges.
This book investigates the economic, political and cultural factors that influence regional economic integration processes as well as international political cooperation in the area of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The authors analyze market integration manifested in interregional trade, investment and service connections. Taking a constructivist approach, they shed new light on how national, ethnic, religious and linguistic factors as well as systems of government, political regimes and models of leadership shape foreign-policy decision-making in various post-Soviet countries.
Surveying all referendums around the world since 1793, Dr Qvortrup and contributors provide a thorough account of why and when citizens have been asked to vote on policy issues. Referendums Around the World is essential reading for political scientists and others interested in direct democracy as well as representative government.