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This book presents the most up to date information relevant to the design and instrumentation of underground structures. The structure might be a tunnel, shaft, cavern, or pressure unit, or a combination thereof. Empirical, rational, numerical, convergence and confinement, and discontinuity analysis methods are treated comprehensively. Special chapters are devoted to underground structures in rock burst, swelling, squeezing, and seismic zones. Water control, instrumentation, and tunneling through soft ground are also treated extensively. Sections on the design of pressure tunnels, shafts, caverns, shotcreting, water control, and soft ground tunnels are informative and authoritative. Worked examples are included on the design of rock tunnels, soft ground tunnels, and the treatment of underground structures through difficult ground. Extensive references are provided, and figures, sketches and photographs aid presentation. Important tables on planning, and case histories, allow the reader to build confidence in his design of underground structures. The book will be beneficial to civil, structural, geotechnical and mining engineers, geologists, and planners and managers associated with the design and construction of underground structures.
Seismic damage to rock tunnels from recent earthquakes indicates an urgent need for seismic assessment and aseismic design of underground structures. This book offers a comprehensive account of seismic performance and the response of underground structures under earthquake loading, necessary for adequate assessment and design. The book presents research methods for the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of rock and for the seismic behavior of underground structures. It describes analytical solutions to investigate the seismic response of tunnels subjected to seismic waves, toward an improved quantitative understanding of the seismic deformation and failure mechanism in both longitudinal and transversal aspects. A performance-based restoration design criterion and aseismic design are also proposed for future tunnel planning. Includes a detailed case study for the seismic performance assessment of rock tunnels under earthquake loading Explores the relationship between seismic damage to underground structures and ground deformation Covers a range of issues from mechanisms, analysis, assessment and design of both new tunnels and restoration projects The book is ideal for earthquake engineers and researchers, and will also be of interest to contractors, clients, researchers, lecturers, and advanced students working on tunnel engineering.
This book provides a general review of the literature on underground structures, combined with new specifications, engineering case studies, and numerical simulations based on the authors’ research. It focuses on the basic concepts, theories, and methods of the design of underground structures. After an introduction, it covers various topics, such as elastic foundation beam theory and numerical analysis methods for underground structures, as well as the design of shallow underground structures, diaphragm wall structures, shield tunnel structures, caisson structures, immersed tube structures, and integral tunnel structures. It also includes tables for calculating elastic foundation beam. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students majoring in urban underground space engineering, building engineering, highway engineering, railway engineering, bridge and tunnel engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
Pseudo-static analysis is still the most-used method to assess the stability of geotechnical systems that are exposed to earthquake forces. However, this method does not provide any information about the deformations and permanent displacements induced by seismic activity. Moreover, it is questionable to use this approach when geotechnical systems are affected by frequent and rare seismic events. Incidentally, the peak ground acceleration has increased from 0.2-0.3 g in the seventies to the current value of 0.6-0.8 g. Therefore, a shift from the pseudo-static approach to performance-based analysis is needed. Over the past five years considerable progress has been made in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Design (EGED). The most recent advances are presented in this book in 6 parts. The evaluation of the site amplification is covered in Part I of the book. In Part II the evaluation of the soil foundation stability against natural slope failure and liquefaction is treated. In the following 3 Parts of the book the EGED for different geotechnical systems is presented as follows: the design of levees and dams including natural slopes in Part III; the design of foundations and soil structure interaction analysis in Part IV; underground structures in Part V. Finally in Part VI, new topics like the design of reinforced earth retaining walls and landfills are covered.
Underground structures must be able to support static overburden loads, as well as to accommodate additional deformations imposed by seismic motions. It seems well established that the most critical demand to the structure is caused by shear waves traveling perpendicular to the tunnel axis, which cause distortions of the cross section (ovaling for a circular tunnel, and racking for a rectangular tunnel) that result in axial forces (thrusts) and bending moments. While all this has been well-studied for structures placed in linear-elastic ground under drained loading conditions, there is little information regarding the behavior of buried structures placed in nonlinear ground, especially under undrained loading conditions, i.e., when excess pore pressures generate and accumulate during the earthquake. This book includes results of two-dimensional dynamic numerical analyses conducted to assess the seismic response of deep circular tunnels located far from the seismic source, under drained or undrained loading conditions. It is assumed that the liner remains elastic and that plane strain conditions apply. A new cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model is proposed to predict the nonlinear behavior and the excess pore pressures in the ground. The effect of the input frequency on the tunnel distortions of the cross section, and the effect of the relative stiffness between the liner and the ground on the distortions of the cross section, as well as, on the axial forces and bending moments of the liner are investigated. Excess pore pressures, shear stresses and plastic strains in the ground for different relative stiffness are also investigated.
Written by a world-renowned theoretical physicist, Introduction to Statistical Physics, Second Edition clarifies the properties of matter collectively in terms of the physical laws governing atomic motion. This second edition expands upon the original to include many additional exercises and more pedagogically oriented discussions that fully explain the concepts and applications. The book first covers the classical ensembles of statistical mechanics and stochastic processes, including Brownian motion, probability theory, and the Fokker–Planck and Langevin equations. To illustrate the use of statistical methods beyond the theory of matter, the author discusses entropy in information theory, Brownian motion in the stock market, and the Monte Carlo method in computer simulations. The next several chapters emphasize the difference between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics—the quantum phase. Applications covered include Fermi statistics and semiconductors and Bose statistics and Bose–Einstein condensation. The book concludes with advanced topics, focusing on the Ginsburg–Landau theory of the order parameter and the special kind of quantum order found in superfluidity and superconductivity. Assuming some background knowledge of classical and quantum physics, this textbook thoroughly familiarizes advanced undergraduate students with the different aspects of statistical physics. This updated edition continues to provide the tools needed to understand and work with random processes.