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Societal hierarchies in the form of caste, gender, religion and class continue to deprive a large percentage of young children in India of learning opportunities, leading to intergenerational poverty. Existing research indicates that this cycle can be broken by providing appropriate early childhood care and education. Early Childhood Education for Marginalized Children in India reviews India's achievements and challenges, and identifies the complex issues related to providing early childhood education to children from marginalized communities. The book presents evidence-based approaches to developing and scaling up good quality early childhood education programmes. It explores what 'quality' means in the Indian context and identifies core elements that must be integral to all initiatives that aim to promote holistic development, while addressing India's significant scale and sociocultural diversity. The available literature has mostly discussed information from Western nations and the book attempts to address this gap.
This volume makes a comprehensive assessment of the status and quality of early educational experiences at preschool and early primary grades in India. It raises a serious concern that despite high enrolment in preschools, children’s school readiness levels remain low at ages five and six, and raises a vital question---are Indian children getting a sound foundation for school and for later life? It addresses three important issues from the Indian perspective: children's school readiness at age five; families' readiness for school; and, most importantly, the readiness of schools for children. India is one of many countries across the global South facing an early learning crisis. High quality early childhood education may be key to improving these outcomes for children, yet little is known about early childhood education programs in India and their impact on children’s school readiness. This volume is based on a longitudinal, mixed methods research study which is perhaps the first of its kind in India. The study covers public provisions along with steadily expanding private pre-schools and schools in rural India and provides interesting narratives and insights into the multiple pathways children are adopting in these critical early years, particularly in the context of the expanding role of the private sector. Written in a lucid and narrative style, this volume is of interest to a diverse readership of researchers, educationists and early childhood education policy makers and practitioners in terms of both its design and findings.
This book presents previously unexamined connections between teaching practices and specific philosophical ideas, locating the prior beliefs and practical knowledge of early childhood practitioners in urban India within the broader social and historical religio-philosophical context.
This volume shows how grassroots educational innovations and technology can be brought together in a fresh approach to human resource development in public social services. Based on a three-decade-long engagement with innovation in public education, this book provides an illustration of how teacher-driven innovations can be transformed into learning objects for technology-based professional development. It describes how innovations can be identified, screened and validated, and disseminated through two mechanisms—a clearinghouse-based approach and grassroots innovation “fairs.” It then demonstrates how these innovations can form the backbone of a “third space,” problem-based-learning curriculum, which can be delivered through a technology platform for large-scale professional development. The book offers guidance on practical ways of doing this, and on evaluating the curriculum’s impact, with case studies of programmes that covered thousands of teachers. This book will be of interest to teachers, students and professionals in education, teacher education, digital education, information technology, communication and media studies. It will also be useful to educationists, policymakers, teacher educators, educational institutions, online education centres, and practitioners involved in professional development, education and training in developing countries.
Early childhood education the world over is heavily influenced by Western discourses which emphasize play-based, child centered education. Dr Viruru offers an alternative understanding of preschool education from the postcolonial perspective which does not aim at discovering universal laws that will be valid regardless of contexts. She emphasizes the need for meaningful and respectful interactions with children as complete human beings and stresses that early childhood education should be constructed on the basis of the lived experiences of individual children rather than on collective anonymity. Perhaps the first full-length study to explore current issues in early childhood education through the lens of postcolonial theory, this book will be of considerable value to those involved in education, child development, developmental psychology, social anthropology and sociology.
The book is a comprehensive compendium on child rights in India from a child development perspective. It discusses the challenges that Indian children face for survival, development and education, especially if they are marginalized through disability, lack of care, and poverty. The major issues expounded by the author in relation to rights are infant and child survival, early child development, street and working children, children in conflict with law, children with disabilities, child trafficking and child sexual abuse. The author goes further to delve into the causes, among which are high population, poverty, migration, illiteracy, poor legislation and deep-rooted social norms and behaviour. The book presents the existing policy and legal framework in India for each of these issues. The broad purpose of the book is to comprehensively discuss the roadblocks that the marginalized child in India faces, to understand the causes of these roadblocks and to evaluate government and civil society action for children in India.
This book highlights the significance of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding children and childhoods in the Indian context. While it is recognised that multiple kinds of childhoods exist in India, policy and practice approaches to working with children are still based on a singular model of the ideal child rooted in certain Western traditions. The book challenges readers to go beyond the acknowledgement of differences to evolving alternate models to this conception of children and childhoods. Bringing together well-known scholars from history, politics, sociology, child development, paediatrics and education, the volume represents four major themes: the history and politics of childhoods; deconstructing childhoods by analysing their representations in art, mythology and culture in India; selected facets of childhoods as constructed through education and schooling; and understanding issues related to law, policy and practice, as they pertain to children and childhoods. This important book will be useful to scholars and researchers of education, especially those working in the domains of child development, sociology of education, educational psychology, public policy and South Asian studies.
"It is rare to read a research report that paints such a vivid picture of preschool education across a variety of conditions. Dr. Sood utilizes qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate opportunities for early childhood education in 28 settings in Madhya Pradesh.In the process of assessing the accessibility and quality of early childhood education in the region, Dr. Sood reveals many contemporary challenges faced by government-sponsored preschool programs. She presents these concerns in the light of educational policy perspectives that have characterized the early childhood field at the state and national level for the past 40 years. By capturing the perspectives of parents and teachers through her interviews, Dr. Sood's work calls for a change in the approach to and delivery of early childhood education and challenges advocates of young children to listen and to do better" ----- Review by Dr. Suzanne Lamorey, Associate Professor, College of Education, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
Early Childhood Education encompasses an interlinked gamut of elements critical for a child's cognitive social and emotional development. The first six years of development in a child's life are critical to their overall development and well-being. According to UNICEF, 'Investing in Early Childhood Development is one of the most cost-efficient and powerful strategies to achieve fair and sustainable development. India's development trajectory is critically linked to investments in healthcare and education. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is firmly anchored on investing in human capital and inclusive growth. Anganwadi Centers, part of the Integrated Child Development Services program, provides essential early childhood services offered by the ICDS across the lengths and breadth of the country. They cater to India's challenge of providing nutrition and healthcare options to children and mothers through counseling, pre-school education, immunization, and the supply of medical, health, and nutritional resources. The environment, inputs, and support that children receive in their first eight years will have an enormous impact on the rest of their lives - not only in terms of their performance in school but on a wide range of other outcomes that extend far beyond school. In recent years India has made significant progress in strengthening the policy framework for early childhood. The Government of India released the National Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Policy in 2013, and subsequently a National Curriculum Framework and Quality Standards. Together, these documents provide a comprehensive framework for promoting access, equity, and quality in ECCE. State governments have designed their curricula in the light of this national framework. For the preprimary education sector, smartphones are envisioned to help in delivering a meaningful early childhood education, with autonomy to reflect the local context and the setting. ICT-driven innovative approaches have been contributing to the service delivery of the Anganwadi centers. This would call for investments in high-quality interventions for young children and are therefore cost-effective ways of improving outcomes both for individual children, especially in the case of vulnerable or disadvantaged children, and for the society as a whole. This paper also includes an operational model that could be implemented for "quick-wins" by leveraging technology to achieve short term and medium terms gains. The paper lays out activities that could be carried in a typical rural Aaganwadi settings and using ICT to enhance its current functioning. Finally, the paper concludes by suggesting pathways forward on the potential of using ICT for enhancing the quality of ECE.
This Report is one of the first comprehensive studies on young children in India. It focuses on children under 6 years of age and presents key aspects of their well-being and development. With the highest number of neonatal, infant and under-5 deaths in the world, there is an urgent need to address issues that continue to affect the young child in India. This volume: Introduces two young child indices aggregating selected indicators to separately track child outcomes and child circumstances. Provides an account of the current situation of the young child in terms of physical and cognitive development, access to care, disadvantaged children and major issues that have led to the continued neglect of this age group. Explores the policy and legal framework, fiscal space and the role and obligations of key stakeholders, including the state, private sector, civil society, media and the family. Highlights key recommendations and action points that can help to improve the ecosystem for early childhood care and development. Drawing on specially commissioned technical background papers, supplemented by extensive field experience of Mobile Creches in childcare, this Report will be of interest to practitioners, policymakers and influencers, think tanks and researchers of public policy, development studies, human rights, sociology and social anthropology, as well as general readers. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781003026488, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. .