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Tribology, the science of friction, wear and lubrication, is one of the cornerstones of engineering’s quest for efficiency and conservation of resources. Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain: fundamentals, applications and future trends provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the disciplines of dynamics and tribology using a multi-physics and multi-scale approach to improve automotive engine and powertrain technology.Part one reviews the fundamental aspects of the physics of motion, particularly the multi-body approach to multi-physics, multi-scale problem solving in tribology. Fundamental issues in tribology are then described in detail,from surface phenomena in thin-film tribology, to impact dynamics, fluid film and elastohydrodynamic lubrication means of measurement and evaluation. These chapters provide an understanding of the theoretical foundation for Part II which includes many aspects of the physics of motion at a multitude of interaction scales from large displacement dynamics to noise and vibration tribology, all of which affect engines and powertrains. Many chapters are contributed by well-established practitioners disseminating their valuable knowledge and expertise on specific engine and powertrain sub-systems. These include overviews of engine and powertrain issues, engine bearings, piston systems, valve trains, transmission and many aspects of drivetrain systems. The final part of the book considers the emerging areas of microengines and gears as well as nano-scale surface engineering.With its distinguished editor and international team of academic and industry contributors, Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain is a standard work for automotive engineers and all those researching NVH and tribological issues in engineering. Reviews fundamental aspects of physics in motion, specifically the multi-body approach to multi physics Describes essential issues in tribology from surface phenomena in thin film tribology to impact dynamics Examines specific engine and powertrain sub-systems including engine bearings, piston systems and value trains
hydrodynamics, and bearing housing elasticity, the elastohydrodynamic simulation of the crankshaft/main-bearings system is performed in this dissertation.
This Book Primarily Written To Meet The Needs Of Practicing Engineers In A Large Variety Of Industries Where Reciprocating Machines Are Used, Although All Of The Material Is Suitable For College Undergraduate Level Design Engineering Courses. It Is Expected That The Reader Is Familiar With Basic To Medium Level Calculus Offered At The College Undergraduate Level.The First Chapter Of The Book Deals With Classical Vibration Theory, Starting With A Single Degree Of Freedom System, To Develop Concepts Of Damping, Response And Unbalance. The Second Chapter Deals With Types And Classification Of Reciprocating Machines, While The Third Chapter Discusses Detail-Design Aspects Of Machine Components. The Fourth Chapter Introduces The Dynamics Of Slider And Cranks Mechanism, And Provides Explanation Of The Purpose And Motion Of Various Components.The Fifth Chapter Looks Into Dynamic Forces Created In The System, And Methods To Balance Gas Pressure And Inertia Loads. The Sixth Chapter Explains The Torsional Vibration Theory And Looks At The Different Variables Associated With It. Chapter Seven Analyzes Flexural Vibrations And Lateral Critical Speed Concepts, Together With Journal Bearings And Their Impact On A Rotating System. Advanced Analytical Techniques To Determine Dynamic Characteristics Of All Major Components Of Reciprocating Machinery Are Presented In Chapter Eight. Methods To Mitigate Torsional Vibrations In A Crankshaft Using Absorbers Are Analyzed In Close Detail. Various Mechanisms Of Flexural Excitation Sources And Their Response On A Rotor-Bearing System Are Explored. Stability Of A Rotor And Different Destabilizing Mechanisms Are Also Included In This Chapter.Techniques In Vibration Measurement And Balancing Of Reciprocating And Rotating Systems Are Presented In Chapter Nine. Chapter Ten Looks At Computational Fluid Dynamics Aspects Of Flow Through Intake And Exhaust Manifolds, As Well As Fluid Flow Induced Component Vibrations. Chapter Eleven Extends This Discussion To Pressure Pulsations In Piping Attached To Reciprocating Pumps And Compressors. Chapter Twelve Considers The Interaction Between The Structural Dynamics Of Components And Noise, Together With Methods To Improve Sound Quality. Optimized Design Of Components Of Reciprocating Machinery For Specified Parameters And Set Target Values Is Investigated At Length In Chapter Thirteen. Practicing Engineers Interested In Applying The Theoretical Model To Their Own Operating System Will Find Case Histories Shown In Chapter FourteenUseful.
A discussion of models for the behaviour of gas bearings, particularly of the aspects affecting the stability of the system. The text begins with a discussion of the mathematical models, identifying the stiffness and damping coefficients, and describing the behaviour of the models in unstable regions. It then turns to apply these results to bearings: static characteristics and stability of various rotor systems and an extensive discussion of air rings.
Bearing Chambers in Aero-Engines are located near the rolling-element type of bearings which support the shafts and accomodate the resulting thrust loads. One of the main task of the bearing chambers is, beside an efficient scavenging of the lubricating oil, the cooling of the hot compartments. A very complex two-phase air-oil flow takes usually place in these bearing chambers consisting of oil droplet-laden air flows and shear-driven liquid wall films. The interaction of the droplets with the wall films is significantly influencing the wall heat transfer and the cooling performance of these systems. For this reason, a detailed characterization and modelling of the mass and momentum exchange between droplets and wall films for the unique impingement parameter range in bearing chambers is inevitable. This scientific report investigates the oil droplet impact dynamics for typical impingement regimes relevant to aero-engine bearing chambers. The application of a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) technique based on the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method and coupled with a gradient-based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique allowed to characterize the drop impact dynamics during various single micro- and millimeter drop impacts onto thin and thick films. With the help of a special numerical treatment, a self-perturbing mechanism is installed that leads to the correct resolution of the crown disintegration process. The numerical methodology was thoroughly validated using the experimental results of millimeter sized drop impacts onto deep liquid pools. These results were developed with an enhanced back-illuminated high-speed imaging and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) technique. New insights into the cavity penetration, the crown's breakup dynamics and the secondary droplet characteristics following a single drop impact have been developed with the help of the isolated variation of different parameters of influence. Particularly the influence of the Froude number, the impingement angle, and the cavity-wall interaction delivered results to date not reported in scientific literature. Beside the advances in fundamental physics describing the drop impact dynamics with the help of the numerical and experimental results, a set of correlations could also be derived. From these correlations, a drop-film interaction model was formulated that is suitable for the parameter range found in bearing chambers.
Tribology of Reciprocating Engines documents the proceedings of the 9th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held at the University of Leeds, England on September 7-10, 1982. This book emphasizes advances in the working principals of the tribological components that operate with relative motion. The topics discussed include the dynamic analysis of engine bearing systems, measurement of oil film thickness in diesel motor main bearings, and temperature variations in crankshaft bearings. The theoretical and experimental study of ring-liner friction, tribology in the cylinders of reciprocating compressors, and lubricant properties in the diesel engine piston ring zone are also described. This text likewise considers the metallurgy of scoring and scuffing failure, impact of oil contamination on wear and energy losses, and role of tappet surface morphology and metallurgy in cam/tappet life. This compilation is a good reference for triblogists, lubrication engineers, and specialists researching on reciprocating engines.