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The red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is a small terrestrial amphibian common to North Eastern North American forests. Their agonistic and territorial behaviours have been widely studied and have shown that they exhibit preferential behaviour to neighbouring conspecifics. This is commonly known as the "dear neighbour effect" or the "dear enemy effect". Recently, tests have been done to determine how long a salamander may remember its neighbour, and hence display the dear neighbour effect. This study sets out firstly to those found in Virginia (where the majority of red-backed salamander studies on the dear neighbour effect have been done). Secondly, the dear neighbour effect is tested on an entirely neutral arena, where any agonistic encounters have no connection with territoriality. It is concluded that the dear neighbour effect does in fact occur when no defendable territory is present, and that red-backed salamanders from North Eastern Ontario possibly have different behavioural trends than those found in more southern habitats.
Examines over fifty years of research of the red-backed salamander
This book explains how animals use chemical communication, emphasising the evolutionary context and covering fields from ecology to neuroscience and chemistry.
The small, terrestrial eastern red-backed salamander is abundant on many forest floors of northeastern North America. Dr. Robert Jaeger and many of his graduate students spent over 50 years studying this species in New York and Virginia, using ecological techniques in forests and behavioral experiments in laboratory chambers in an attempt to understand how this species interacts with other species in the forest and the components of its intra- and intersexual social behaviors. The competitive and social behaviors of this species are unusually complex for an amphibian. This species is highly aggressive towards other similar-size species where they cohabit in forests, often leading to very little geographic overlap between the species. The authors examine the fascinating behavioral traits of this species including social monogamy, mutual mate guarding, sexual coercion, inter-species communication, and conflict resolution.
What kind of tree is that? Whether you're hiking in the woods or simply sitting in your backyard, from Maine to New York you'll never be without an answer to that question, thanks to this handy companion to the trees of the Northeast. Featuring detailed information and illustrations covering each phase of a tree's lifecycle, this indispensable guidebook explains how to identify trees by their bark alone--no more need to wait for leaf season. Chapters on the structure and ecology of tree bark, descriptions of bark appearance, an easy-to-use identification key, and supplemental information on non-bark characteristics--all enhanced by more than 450 photographs, illustrations, and maps--will show you how to distinguish the textures, shapes, and colors of bark to recognize various tree species, and also understand why these traits evolved. Whether you're a professional naturalist or a parent leading a family hike, this new edition of Bark: A Field Guide to Trees of the Northeast is your essential guide to the region's 67 native and naturalized tree species.
It will appeal to both amateurs and professionals interested in herpetology, natural history, or ecology, as well as those with a special interest in Maryland's biodiversity.
All aspects of the ecology of freshwater molluscs are discussed in this unique volume. Extensively referenced and providing a synthesis of work from the nineteenth century onwards, this book will appeal to professional ecologists, evolutionary biologists and parasitologists interested in these diverse invertebrates.
Landscape ecology is an integrative and multi-disciplinary science and Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology reconciles the geological, botanical, zoological and human perspectives. In particular ,new paradigms and theories such as percolation, metapopulation, hierarchies, source-sink models have been integrated in this last edition with the recent theories on bio-complexity, information and cognitive sciences. Methods for studying landscape ecology are covered including spatial geometry models and remote sensing in order to create confidence toward techniques and approaches that require a high experience and long-time dedication. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology is a textbook useful to present the landscape in a multi-vision perspective for undergraduate and graduate students of biology, ecology, geography, forestry, agronomy, landscape architecture and planning. Sociology, economics, history, archaeology, anthropology, ecological psychology are some sciences that can benefit of the holistic vision offered by this texbook.