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Judges have enormous power. They determine whom we can marry, whether we can own firearms, whether the government can mandate that we buy certain products, and how we define "personhood." But who gets to occupy these powerful positions? Up until now, there has been little systematic study of what type of judges get confirmed. In his rigorous yet readable style, John Lott analyzes both historical accounts and large amounts of data to see how the confirmation process has changed over time. Most importantly, Dumbing Down the Courts shows that intelligence has now become a liability for judicial nominees. With courts taking on an ever greater role in our lives, smarter judges are feared by the opposition. Although presidents want brilliant judges who support their positions, senators of the opposing party increasingly "Bork" those nominees who would be the most influential judges, subjecting them to humiliating and long confirmations. The conclusion? The brightest nominees will not end
Sykes concludes with a checklist for parents, students, and teachers who want to evaluate their schools, and a series of recommendations to restore quality learning to America.
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: I listened to the entire festivity and I was appalled. There were small television excerpts being offered with some clowns, some nonsense, idiocy, filth, complete filth. This is what is being broadcasted in Germany each day. The directors say that the audience wishes so, as if the audience was a crowd of idiots. On October 11th, 2008, German literature critic Marcel Reich Ranicki rejected the German Television Prize honouring him for his lifetime achievement. In front of rolling cameras, Ranicki made his standpoint very clear that he finds the current television landscape rubbish and dull. His words are the result of 25 years of private televisual content development in Germany. Today s media environment has changed drastically. Each day we find more and more TV programmes which are designed for an audience that demands no intellectual work and wants to be entertained. This matter of entertainment has exclusively formed the television networks programming strategies concerning their content. Consequently, the offer of daily soaps ( GZSZ ), reality TV ( Big Brother , Dschungelcamp ) and game/casting shows ( Deutschland sucht den Superstar ) has risen, while the offer of classical formats such as fiction film, documentaries and sophisticated programmes ( Das literarische Quartett ) has decreased. Problem Formulation: Since the establishment of private broadcasting in 1984, the television offering in Germany has not only changed quantitatively but also qualitatively. Today, we have a range of more than 50 German private TV broadcasters with an enormous variety of programmes. In recent years, we have been experiencing a downward trend of content quality, which is defined as dumbing down . The problem arises that in the battle for ratings, intellectual demand fades into the background of sole entertainment. This approach has evolved into the main content portfolio strategy of private television. But is it only the private broadcasters blame or are ARD and ZDF also striving for audience ratings in their programming methods? Is television in fact dumbing the culture down or is it making it smarter? Which side triggered the effect of dumbing down the media or the audience? These questions still remain unanswered. Therefore, this paper intends to analyse the matter of dumbing down as well as the interrelated content portfolio strategy. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.Introduction1 1.1Problem [...]
An examination of modern American culture, which has forced the term "dumbing down" into the public arena, and raised heated debate. Although the term originated in the US, similar trends are now observable in Britain, making this text relevant to both cultures.
Spending on K-12 education across the United States and across local school districts has long been characterized by great disparitiesâ€"disparities that reflect differences in property wealth and tax rates. For more than a quarter-century, reformers have attempted to reduce these differences through court challenges and legislative action. As part of a broad study of education finance, the committee commissioned eight papers examining the history and consequences of school finance reform undertaken in the name of equity and adequacy. This thought-provoking, timely collection of papers explores such topics as: What do the terms "equity" and "adequacy" in school finance really mean? How are these terms relevant to the politics and litigation of school finance reform? What is the impact of court-ordered school finance reform on spending disparities? How do school districts use money from finance reform? What policy options are available to states facing new challenges from court decisions mandating adequacy in school finance? When measuring adequacy, how do you consider differences in student needs and regional costs?
"Cases decided in the courts of record of the state of New York, other than the Court of Appeals and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, including the Appellate Term of the Supreme Court for the hearing of appeals from the City Court of the city of New York and the Municipal Court of the city of New York; special terms and trial terms of the Supreme Court, City Court of the city of New York, the Court of general sessions of the peace in and for the city and county of New York, county courts, and the Surrogates' Courts." (varies slightly)