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This book tells the story behind the first Spirodela genome sequencing project. Further, it describes the current genomics applications of these findings, and efforts to sequence new genomes within the family. The closing chapters address the sequencing of the over 1 Gigabase Wolffia genomes, which could have major impacts on genome evolution and agricultural research. The duckweed or Lemnaceae family is a collection of 5 genera and 37 species of the smallest, fastest-growing flowering plants. Many of these aquatic monocotyledonous plants can grow all over the world, in a variety of climates. Given their simplified and neotenous morphology, duckweeds have been researched for several decades as a model species for plant physiology and ecotoxicological research, contributing to our understanding e.g. of flowering response, plant circadian systems, sulfur assimilation pathways and auxin biosynthesis. In addition, duckweed-based treatment has been a favorite and feasible means, especially in developing countries, of removing phosphorus and pharmaceutical chemicals from sewage and wastewater. With a dry annual mass yield per hectare of up to 80 tonnes (equivalent to 10 tonnes of protein), duckweed is also a promising aquatic crop in new modern and sustainable agriculture. Besides being an excellent primary or supplemental feedstock for the production of livestock and fish, duckweed biomass can be utilized as a potential resource for human nutrition, biofuel, or bioplastics, depending on water quality as well as protein or starch accumulating procedures. These academic and commercial interests have led to international efforts to sequence the Spirodela polyrhiza genome, the smallest and most ancient genome in the family.
Tilapia Feed - Duckweed is a tiny aquatic plant covering stagnant water bodies; it's seen in channels and waterways in semi-tropical and tropical climates in most countries. The green, three rounds fronds plant, or any of its four genera is known to many people who have seen it without realizing such aquatic plant is Duckweed or that such an abundant microphyte plant, considered an invasive plant, offers a great potential as animal feed, specially for fish. Its high level of protein content makes it an ideal fish feed for Tilapia, Carp and possibly other fish as well with great potential savings as fish feed. Duckweeds have structural features that have been simplified by natural selection. A Duckweed leaf is flat and ovoid. Many species have adventitious roots which function as a stability organ and which tend to lengthen as mineral nutrients in water are exhausted. Compared with most plants, Duckweed leaves have little fiber (5% in dry matter of cultivated plants) as they do not need to support upright structures. As a result the plant has little or no indigestible material even for monogastric animals like fish. This contrasts with many crops such as soya beans, rice, or maize, where approximately 50% of the biomass is in the form of high fiber, and low digestibility residues. Their unique properties, such as their phenomenal growth rate, it doubles its size every twenty-four (24) hours or so, offers great potential savings for the animal grower. Its high protein content, its ability to clean wastewater and growth quickly even in brackish water, have been investigated and documented in the last ten years. This manual intends to propagate the value of Duckweed as a food alternative to animal growth, focusing this intent on fish farming, where its potential impact will be recognized immediately by a savvy fish farmers for many reasons discussed here. In the last two decades Duckweed has been investigated for commercial applications seeking to treat wastewater by American firms; mainly by the PRISM Group which pioneered Duckweed farming in India and Peru. Both investigative programs in South Asia and Latin America, suggested that Duckweed cropping would be important as a source of fish and poultry feed; additionally the investigation demonstrated the use of Duckweed as a wastewater treatment alternative. This Technical Study for Latin America and Asia was designed to put together relevant information on Duckweed farming, its beneficial uses and to make such information available to people worldwide. The information in this technical manual comes from many sources; the contribution of the staff at the experimental station in Bangladesh and its directors, Harinder S. Kohli and Mohammed Ikramullah, are acknowledged. Paul Skillicorn and William Spira of the PRISM Group, and William Journey. Viet Ngo of the Lemna Corporation and Richard Middleton of Kalbermatten Associates are given recognition here. Others recognized for this important technical work ar Grimshaw, Khouri, Leeuwrik, van Santen and Macoun. Professor Thomas Popma of the International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University provided technical support.
As we enter a new millennium, the environmental issues faced by both developing and industrialised nations are as pressing as ever. Environmental biotechnologies are increasingly being viewed as a major weapon against environmental damage. Cleaner production is part of this strategy and yet there is still widespread ignorance about this emerging technology. Environmental Biotechnology and Cleaner Bioprocesses provides this information at various levels, from introductory to advanced. The first section covers the development of cleaner bioprocesses within the framework of sustainable development. Aspects of environmental policy for small and medium businesses are then discussed using case studies to illustrate principles. The second section covers the recycling and treatment of organic waste, including the use of aquatic plants and microalgae for wastewater treatment and recovery of nutrients. Section three covers bioremediation technologies and finally, section four is dedicated to emerging cleaner bioprocesses and environmentally sound products. All chapters have been written and edited by leading authorities in the field. Students and professionals interested in environmental biotechnology and cleaner production will find the background information and detail they require in this one convenient source.
About the Resource Recovery & Reuse Series Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) is a subprogram of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) dedicated to applied research on the safe recovery of water, nutrients and energy from domestic and agro-industrial waste streams. This subprogram aims to create impact through different lines of action research, including (i) developing and testing scalable RRR business models, (ii) assessing and mitigating risks from RRR for public health and the environment, (iii) supporting public and private entities with innovative approaches for the safe reuse of wastewater and organic waste, and (iv) improving rural-urban linkages and resource allocations while minimizing the negative urban footprint on the peri-urban environment. This subprogram works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations University (UNU) and many national and international partners across the globe. The RRR series of documents presents summaries and reviews of the subprogram’s research and resulting application guidelines, targeting development experts and others in the research for development continuum.
This 3 in 1 book Tilapia Fish Farming Practical manual provides readers with updated practical information for Tilapia fish farming practices, feeds options and best water systems. The manual provide information on Duckweed as optional feed, including growing and harvesting duckweed. Additional technical information is provided for construction on tanks, raceways, ponds, cages and other water systems to empower the readers to undertake most Tilapia enterprises for profit or home growing. This manual will update readers on today's Tilapia facts and technical information, including market trends and general expectations to succeed in Tilapia fish farming. We've combined farming practices, feeding options and water systems construction and design in one practical book for the price of one book. Save over 40%..
Contents: Introduction, Bleaching Technologies, Genomic Repression, New Food Crops, Soil Biotechnology, Polluted Soil, Bioinsecticides, Absorption of the Heavy Metal, Biological Removal of Heavy Metals, Biological Treatment of Polluted Soil, Bio- Treatment of Water, Waste Water Treatment, Conserving Plants in Danger, Algal Conservation, Bio-Conservation, Cytokines in Agriculture.
This technical guide seeks to promote sustainable small-scale, family-based poultry production, by reviewing all aspects of small-scale poultry production in developing countries. It includes sections on feeding and nutrition, housing, general husbandry and flocks health, regional differences in health practices.