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This highly interdisciplinary thesis reports on two innovative photonic biosensors that combine multiple simultaneous measurements to provide unique insights into the activity and structure of surface immobilized biological molecules. In addition, it presents a new silicon photonic biosensor that exploits two cascaded resonant sensors to provide two independent measurements of a biological layer immobilized on the surface. By combining these two measurements, it is possible to unambiguously quantify the density and thickness of the molecular layer; here, the approach’s ability to study molecular conformation and conformational changes in real time is demonstrated. The electrophotonic biosensor integrates silicon photonics with electrochemistry into a single technology. This multi-modal biosensor provides a number of unique capabilities that extend the functionality of conventional silicon photonics. For example, by combining the complementary information revealed by simultaneous electrochemical and photonic measurements, it is possible to provide unique insights into on-surface electrochemical processes. Furthermore, the ability to create electrochemical reactions directly on the silicon surface provides a novel approach for engineering the chemical functionality of the photonic sensors. The electrophotonic biosensor thus represents a critical advance towards the development of very high-density photonic sensor arrays for multiplexed diagnostics.
The sixth volume in a series of handbooks on graphene research and applications The Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6: Biosensors and Advanced Sensors discusses the unique benefits that the discovery of graphene has brought to the sensing and biosensing sectors. It examines graphene's use in leading-edge technology applications and the development of a variety of graphene-based sensors. The handbook looks at how graphene can be used as an electrode, substrate, or transducer in sensor design. Graphene-based sensor detection has achieved up to femto-levels, with performances delivering the advantages of greater selectivity, sensitivity, and stability.
Engineered Nanomaterials and Phytonanotechnology: Challenges for Plant Sustainability, Volume 87 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Environmental application of nanomaterials: A promise to sustainable future, Plant-nanoparticle interactions: Mechanisms, effects, and approaches, A general overview on application of nanoparticles in agriculture and plant science, Engineered nanomaterials uptake, bioaccumulation and toxicity mechanisms in plants, Engineered nanomaterials in plants: Sensors, carriers, and bio-imaging, Antioxidant role of nanoparticles for enhancing ecological performance of plant system, Toxicity assessment of metal oxide nanoparticles on terrestrial plants, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series - Includes the latest information on the field of engineered nanomaterials in plants
Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, provides an updated guide to the diverse range of biomedical applications of porous silicon, from biosensing and imaging to tissue engineering and cancer therapy. Across biomedical disciplines, there is an ongoing search for biomaterials that are biocompatible, modifiable, structurally sound, and versatile. Porous silicon possesses a range of properties that make it ideal for a variety of biomedical applications, such as controllable geometry, tunable nanoporous structure, large pore volume/high specific surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. This book provides a fully updated and detailed overview of the range of biomedical applications for porous silicon. Part One offers the reader a helpful insight into the fundamentals and beneficial properties of porous silicon, including thermal properties and stabilization, photochemical and nonthermal chemical modification, protein modification, and biocompatibility. The book then builds on the systematic detailing of each biomedical application using porous silicon, from bioimaging and sensing to drug delivery and tissue engineering. This new edition also includes new chapters on in-vivo assessment of porous silicon, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, micro- and nanoneedles, Raman imaging, cancer immunotherapy, and more. With its acclaimed editor and international team of expert contributors, Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, is a technical resource and indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development, and application of porous silicon and other biomaterials, while providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in this field. - Reviews the fundamental aspects of porous silicon, including the fabrication and unique properties of this useful material. - Discusses a broad selection of biomedical applications, offering a detailed insight into the benefits of porous silicon in both research and clinical settings. - Includes fully updated content from the previous edition, as well as brand new chapters, covering topics such as porous silicon micro- and nanoneedles, and cancer immunotherapy.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the photonic sensing field by covering plasmonics, photonic crystal, and SOI techniques from theory to real sensing applications. A literature review of ultra-sensitive photonic sensors, including their design and application in industry, makes this a self-contained and comprehensive resource for different types of sensors, with high value to the biosensor sector in particular. The book is organized into four parts: Part I covers the basic theory of wave propagation, basic principles of sensing, surface plasmon resonance, and silicon photonics; Part II details the computational modeling techniques for the analysis and prediction of photonic sensors; Part III and Part IV cover the various mechanisms and light matter interaction scenarios behind the design of photonic sensors including photonic crystal fiber sensors and SOI sensors. This book is appropriate for academics and researchers specializing in photonic sensors; graduate students in the early and intermediate stages working in the areas of photonics, sensors, biophysics, and biomedical engineering; and to biomedical, environmental, and chemical engineers.
Porous silicon is rapidly attracting increasing interest from various fields, including optoelectronics, microelectronics, photonics, medicine, chemistry, and biosensing. This nanostructured and biodegradable material has a range of unique properties that make it ideal for many applications. For example, the pores and surface chemistry of the mater
The exciting world of crystalline silicon is the source of the spectacular advancement of discrete electronic devices and solar cells. The exploitation of ever changing properties of crystalline silicon with dimensional transformation may indicate more innovative silicon based technologies in near future. For example, the discovery of nanocrystalline silicon has largely overcome the obstacles of using silicon as optoelectronic material. The further research and development is necessary to find out the treasures hidden within this material. The book presents different forms of silicon material, their preparation and properties. The modern techniques to study the surface and interface defect states, dislocations, and so on, in different crystalline forms have been highlighted in this book. This book presents basic and applied aspects of different crystalline forms of silicon in wide range of information from materials to devices.
The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors,
Nanocomposites for Photonic and Electronic Applications addresses a range of aspects of different nanocomposites and their possible applications to illustrate the techniques used to prepare and characterize them. In addition, the book discusses possible optical, electronic, biophotonic, photonic and renewable energy applications, presenting a panorama of current research in the field of nanostructures for photonic applications. This is an important reference source for academics and industry engineers who are looking to learn more about how nanocomposites can be used to make cheaper, more efficient products in the electronic and photonic fields. - Explores the use of different types of amorphous and crystalline nanocomposites based on fluorides, tellurite, borates and lasers - Discusses the applications of nanocomposites for photonics, biophotonics and renewable energy applications - Assesses the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of nanocomposite in the design of different electronic and photonic products