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Automata and natural language theory are topics lying at the heart of computer science. Both are linked to computational complexity and together, these disciplines help define the parameters of what constitutes a computer, the structure of programs, which problems are solvable by computers, and a range of other crucial aspects of the practice of computer science. In this important volume, two respected authors/editors in the field offer accessible, practice-oriented coverage of these issues with an emphasis on refining core problem solving skills.
A clear, comprehensive, and rigorous introduction to the theory of computation. What is computable? What leads to efficiency in computation? Computability and Complexity offers a clear, comprehensive, and rigorous introduction to the mathematical study of the capabilities and limitations of computation. Hubie Chen covers the core notions, techniques, methods, and questions of the theory of computation before turning to several advanced topics. Emphasizing intuitive learning and conceptual discussion, this textbook’s accessible approach offers a robust foundation for understanding both the reach and restrictions of algorithms and computers. Extensive exercises and diagrams enhance streamlined, student-friendly presentation of mathematically rigorous material Includes thorough treatment of automata theory, computability theory, and complexity theory—including the P versus NP question and the theory of NP-completeness Suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and professionals
In their first book, Ten Rules for Strategic Innovators, the authors provided a better model for executing disruptive innovation. They laid out a three-part plan for launching high-risk/high-reward innovation efforts: (1) borrow assets from the existing firms, (2) unlearn and unload certain processes and systems that do not serve the new entity, and (3) learn and build all new capabilities and skills. In their study of the Ten Rules in action, Govindarajan and Trimble observed many other kinds of innovation that were less risky but still critical to the company's ongoing success. In case after case, senior executives expected leaders of innovation initiatives to grapple with forces of resistence, namely incentives to keep doing what the company has always done--rather than develop new competence and knowledge. But where to begin? In this book, the authors argue that the most successful everyday innovators break down the process into six manageable steps: 1. Divide the labor 2. Assemble the dedicated team 3. Manage the partnership 4. Formalize the experiment 5. Break down the hypothesis 6. Seek the truth. The Other Side of Innovation codifies this staged approach in a variety of contexts. It delivers a proven step-by-step guide to executing (launching, managing, and measuring) more modest but necessary innovations within large firms without disrupting their bread-and-butter business.
The book begins with a description of how the revenue generation mechanism of a bank works. Asset liability management (ALM) and associated interest rate and liquidity risks are defined and other measures such as duration and convexity are calculated. In order to understand the various yield curve shapes, shifts and outlooks, a review of the historical US yield term structures is conducted. This is followed by a look at various ALM strategies, in view of future expected interest rate outlooks, and their impact on the maturity distributions of assets & liabilities of banks. Next, the various assumptions used in an ALM model are assessed, followed by an explanation of price and rate gaps with some basic illustrations to understand the concepts of net interest income at risk and market value at risk. ALM reports profile cash flows by maturity or reset buckets. A methodology for building maturity and liquidity profiles for banks’ advances and deposits portfolios using the Pivot table & chart functionality in EXCEL is discussed. Step by step methodologies for various ALM measurement tools follow. These include Fall in Market Value of Equity, Earnings at Risk, Cost to Close liquidity gap, Cost to Close interest rate gap, Rate Sensitive Gap, Duration Gap. An overview of other ALM reports such as price sensitive gap, net interest income (NII) and liquidity gap is given. Applications for explaining immunization and portfolio dedication are presented. An EXCEL Solver based fixed income portfolio optimization model is discussed and scenarios for minimizing duration and maximizing convexity of the portfolio are presented. A discussion of liquidity risk management measures including ratios and analyses for measuring liquidity risk, limits for managing the risk, general and specific requirements for developing a contingency funding plan and liquidity enhancement tactics for company specific and systemic crisis. A methodology for stress testing liquidity using a Value at Risk (VaR) based approach for a fixed income portfolio is also discussed. The book concludes with a case-study for assessing why bank regulations fail. This simulation results based study looks at the efficacy of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as an indicator of bank performance and seeks to identify a more valuable leading indicator or target account for monitoring bank performance and health.
Simply stated, geography studies the locations of things and the explanations that underlie spatial distributions. Profound forces at work throughout the world have made geographical knowledge increasingly important for understanding numerous human dilemmas and our capacities to address them. With more than 1,200 entries, the Encyclopedia of Geography reflects how the growth of geography has propelled a demand for intermediaries between the abstract language of academia and the ordinary language of everyday life. The six volumes of this encyclopedia encapsulate a diverse array of topics to offer a comprehensive and useful summary of the state of the discipline in the early 21st century. Key Features Gives a concise historical sketch of geography′s long, rich, and fascinating history, including human geography, physical geography, and GIS Provides succinct summaries of trends such as globalization, environmental destruction, new geospatial technologies, and cyberspace Decomposes geography into the six broad subject areas: physical geography; human geography; nature and society; methods, models, and GIS; history of geography; and geographer biographies, geographic organizations, and important social movements Provides hundreds of color illustrations and images that lend depth and realism to the text Includes a special map section Key Themes Physical Geography Human Geography Nature and Society Methods, Models, and GIS People, Organizations, and Movements History of Geography This encyclopedia strategically reflects the enormous diversity of the discipline, the multiple meanings of space itself, and the diverse views of geographers. It brings together the diversity of geographical knowledge, making it an invaluable resource for any academic library.
The three-volume major reference “Photons in Fock Space and Beyond” undertakes a new mathematical and conceptual foundation of the theory of light emphasizing mesoscopic radiation systems. The quantum optical notions are generalized beyond Fock representations where the richness of an infinite dimensional quantum field system, with its mathematical difficulties and theoretical possibilities, is fully taken into account. It aims at a microscopic formulation of a mesoscopic model class which covers in principle all stages of the generation and propagation of light within a unified and well-defined conceptual frame.The dynamics of the interacting systems is founded — according to original works of the authors — on convergent perturbation series and describes the developments of the quantized microscopic as well as the classical collective degrees of freedom at the same time. The achieved theoretical unification fits especially to laser and microwave applications inheriting objective information over quantum noise.A special advancement is the incorporation of arbitrary multiply connected cavities where ideal conductor boundary conditions are imposed. From there arises a new category of classical and quantized field parts, apparently not treated in Quantum Electrodynamics before. In combination with gauge theory, the additional “cohomological fields” explain topological quantum effects in superconductivity. Further applications are to be expected for optoelectronic and optomechanical systems.