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A unique interdisciplinary exploration of a pressing social issue The numbers of women offenders involved in the correctional system are quickly growing. Drugs, Women, and Justice: Roles of the Criminal Justice System for Drug-Affected Women gathers a distinguished group of researchers and policy analysts into one volume to explore the broad social and individual implications of current policy and practice pertaining to women in the criminal justice system. This valuable resource provides readers with a superb overview of the current state of knowledge and provides recommendations for new directions. Each top-notch chapter was originally presented at the 2005 Drugs, Women, and Justice Symposium, held on the University of Illinois at Chicago campus and sponsored by the Jane Addams College of Social Work Substance Abuse Research Collaboration through a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Traditionally, criminal justice studies and rehabilitation programs have focused on male offenders. Recent studies reinforce the current evidence that females should have their needs addressed differently. This unique book presents the latest research and thinking in complex and still emerging areas of policy and treatment for women in the criminal justice system. Topics in Drugs, Women, and Justice: Roles of the Criminal Justice System for Drug-Affected Women include: characteristics of drug-involved women in the criminal justice system the negative impact on families of punitive drug laws and child welfare legislation assessing and managing the service needs of children whose mothers have been arrested influences of feelings of isolation on the course of rehabilitation demographic differences between women in drug treatment and drug-involved women in the criminal justice system service needs of women released from prison a program developed for women who have survived traumatic violence, working in the street economy, and the criminal justice system the direct and indirect impact of mass incarceration on women and more Drugs, Women, and Justice: Roles of the Criminal Justice System for Drug-Affected Women is essential reading for researchers, criminologists, sociologists, social workers, psychologists, clinicians, feminists, and policymakers in the areas of social welfare, criminal justice, and drug policy.
This volume documents the more innovative projects, programmes and advances that have become available in the United States for drug offenders. The contributors, outstanding experts in the field, examine the issues that arise in the effort to establish a more effective and humane system of dealing with the alarming rise of drug-related crimes.
Is drug addiction a disease that can be treated, or is it a crime that should be punished? In her probing study, Illness or Deviance?, Jennifer Murphy investigates the various perspectives on addiction, and how society has myriad ways of handling it—incarcerating some drug users while putting others in treatment. Illness or Deviance? highlights the confusion and contradictions about labeling addiction. Murphy’s fieldwork in a drug court and an outpatient drug treatment facility yields fascinating insights, such as how courts and treatment centers both enforce the “disease” label of addiction, yet their management tactics overlap treatment with “therapeutic punishment.” The “addict" label is a result not just of using drugs, but also of being a part of the drug lifestyle, by selling drugs. In addition, Murphy observes that drug courts and treatment facilities benefit economically from their cooperation, creating a very powerful institutional arrangement. Murphy contextualizes her findings within theories of medical sociology as well as criminology to identify the policy implications of a medicalized view of addiction.
In 1989, the first drug-treatment court was established in Florida, inaugurating an era of state-supervised rehabilitation. Such courts have frequently been seen as a humane alternative to incarceration and the war on drugs. Enforcing Freedom offers an ethnographic account of drug courts and mandatory treatment centers as a system of coercion, demonstrating how the state uses notions of rehabilitation as a means of social regulation. Situating drug courts in a long line of state projects of race and class control, Kerwin Kaye details the ways in which the violence of the state is framed as beneficial for those subjected to it. He explores how courts decide whether to release or incarcerate participants using nominally colorblind criteria that draw on racialized imagery. Rehabilitation is defined as preparation for low-wage labor and the destruction of community ties with “bad influences,” a process that turns participants against one another. At the same time, Kaye points toward the complex ways in which participants negotiate state control in relation to other forms of constraint in their lives, sometimes embracing the state’s salutary violence as a means of countering their impoverishment. Simultaneously sensitive to ethnographic detail and theoretical implications, Enforcing Freedom offers a critical perspective on the punitive side of criminal-justice reform and points toward alternative paths forward.