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Cet ouvrage aborde par le biais de 12 grands thèmes fondamentaux le programme de droit des obligations de L2 : des sources des obligations (contrat, responsabilité civile, quasi-contrats et engagement unilatéral) au régime général des obligations (intégré dans certains développements relatifs aux obligations contractuelles). Conçue comme un outil pédagogique innovant, " Séquences " permet de multiples possibilités : les thèmes peuvent être étudiés en totalité ou pour partie, dans un ordre plutôt qu'un autre. Ces différentes combinaisons permettent de toucher un public varié aussi bien dans l'année concernée par la matière que dans des séminaires de niveau master ou des préparations aux concours.
Cet ouvrage aborde par le biais de 12 grands thèmes fondamentaux le programme de droit des obligations de L2 : des sources des obligations (contrat, responsabilité civile, quasi-contrats et engagement unilatéral) au régime général des obligations (intégré dans certains développements relatifs aux obligations contractuelles). Conçue comme un outil pédagogique innovant, « Séquences » permet de multiples possibilités : les thèmes peuvent être étudiés en totalité ou pour partie, dans un ordre plutôt qu'un autre. Ces différentes combinaisons permettent de toucher un public varié aussi bien dans l'année concernée par la matière que dans des séminaires de niveau master ou des préparations aux concours.
Cet ouvrage aborde par le biais de 12 grands thèmes fondamentaux le programme de droit des obligations de L2 : des sources des obligations (contrat, responsabilité civile, quasi-contrats et engagement unilatéral) au régime général des obligations (intégré dans certains développements relatifs aux obligations contractuelles). Conçue comme un outil pédagogique innovant, " Séquences " permet de multiples possibilités : les thèmes peuvent être étudiés en totalité ou pour partie, dans un ordre plutôt qu'un autre. Ces différentes combinaisons permettent de toucher un public varié aussi bien dans l'année concernée par la matière que dans des séminaires de niveau master ou des préparations aux concours.
Electoral law, like all other fields of law, Is effective only if it provides for sanctions. The cancellation of elections results, The most serious of sanctions, Is in general linked To The most serious of irregularities, especially when its effects are felt beyond a small constituency. However, small technical inaccuracies may affect election results if the difference in votes is minimal, As recent examples such as the notorious 2000 United States presidential elections have shown. This book aims to determine when electoral disputes should lead to such a consequence, based on the practice of national, constitutional and supreme courts throughout Europe, As well as on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. This publication contains the reports presented at the Seminar on Cancellation of Election Results, organised by the Venice Commission in co-operation with the Constitutional Court of Malta And The Maltese Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs, On 14 and 15 November 2008.
This book is a comprehensive study of secession from an international law perspective.
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Blockchain is widely considered a new key technology. The Foundation for Technology Assessment (TA-SWISS) has proposed a comprehensive assessment of blockchain technologies. With this publication, TA-SWISS provides the much-needed social contextualisation of blockchain. The first, more technical part of the study takes an in-depth look at how blockchain functions and examines the economic potential of this technology. By analysing multiple real-world applications, the study sheds light on where the blockchain has advantages over traditional applications and where existing technologies continue to be the better solution. The second part of the study examines how blockchain became mainstream. It explores the origins of blockchain in the early history of information technology and computer networks. The study also reveals the impact blockchain has on industrial and public spaces. Finally, it discusses the social implications and challenges of blockchain against the background of a new socio-technical environment.
This fully updated second edition of Jurisdiction in International Law examines the international law of jurisdiction, focusing on the areas of law where jurisdiction is most contentious: criminal, antitrust, securities, discovery, and international humanitarian and human rights law. Since F.A. Mann's work in the 1980s, no analytical overview has been attempted of this crucial topic in international law: prescribing the admissible geographical reach of a State's laws. This new edition includes new material on personal jurisdiction in the U.S., extraterritorial applications of human rights treaties, discussions on cyberspace, the Morrison case. Jurisdiction in International Law has been updated covering developments in sanction and tax laws, and includes further exploration on transnational tort litigation and universal civil jurisdiction. The need for such an overview has grown more pressing in recent years as the traditional framework of the law of jurisdiction, grounded in the principles of sovereignty and territoriality, has been undermined by piecemeal developments. Antitrust jurisdiction is heading in new directions, influenced by law and economics approaches; new EC rules are reshaping jurisdiction in securities law; the U.S. is arguably overreaching in the field of corporate governance law; and the universality principle has gained ground in European criminal law and U.S. tort law. Such developments have given rise to conflicts over competency that struggle to be resolved within traditional jurisdiction theory. This study proposes an innovative approach that departs from the classical solutions and advocates a general principle of international subsidiary jurisdiction. Under the new proposed rule, States would be entitled, and at times even obliged, to exercise subsidiary jurisdiction over internationally relevant situations in the interest of the international community if the State having primary jurisdiction fails to assume its responsibility.