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Turbulent drag reduction by additives has long been a hot research topic. This phenomenon is inherently associated with multifold expertise. Solutions of drag-reducing additives are usually viscoelastic fluids having complicated rheological properties. Exploring the characteristics of drag-reduced turbulent flows calls for uniquely designed experimental and numerical simulation techniques and elaborate theoretical considerations. Pertinently understanding the turbulent drag reduction mechanism necessities mastering the fundamentals of turbulence and establishing a proper relationship between turbulence and the rheological properties induced by additives. Promoting the applications of the drag reduction phenomenon requires the knowledge from different fields such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, municipal engineering, and so on. This book gives a thorough elucidation of the turbulence characteristics and rheological behaviors, theories, special techniques and application issues for drag-reducing flows by surfactant additives based on the state-of-the-art of scientific research results through the latest experimental studies, numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Covers turbulent drag reduction, heat transfer reduction, complex rheology and the real-world applications of drag reduction Introduces advanced testing techniques, such as PIV, LDA, and their applications in current experiments, illustrated with multiple diagrams and equations Real-world examples of the topic’s increasingly important industrial applications enable readers to implement cost- and energy-saving measures Explains the tools before presenting the research results, to give readers coverage of the subject from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints Consolidates interdisciplinary information on turbulent drag reduction by additives Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives is geared for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering, Turbulence, Chemical Engineering, Municipal Engineering. Researchers and practitioners involved in the fields of Flow Control, Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Experimental Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology will also find this book to be a much-needed reference on the topic.
Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives is the first treatment of the subject in book form. The treatment is extremely broad, ranging from physicochemical to hydromechanical aspects. The book shows how fibres, polymer molecules or surfactants at very dilute concentrations can reduce the drag of turbulent flow, leading to energy savings. The dilute solutions are considered in terms of the physical chemistry and rheology, and the properties of turbulent flows are presented in sufficient detail to explain the various interaction mechanisms. Audience: Those active in fundamental research on turbulence and those seeking to apply the effects described. Fluid mechanical engineers, rheologists, those interested in energy saving methods, or in any other application in which the flow rate in turbulent flow should be increased.
The addition of a minute amount of polymer or surfactant additive to a turbulent fluid flow can result in a large reduction in the frictional drag in pipes and channels. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out on drag reducing additives (DRA). DRA have been successfully applied for potential benefits in various industrial processes, including oil well operations, heating and cooling water circuits, marine and biomedical systems. The use of additives to enhance flow in petroleum pipelines has received the greatest attention due to its great commercial success in reducting cost and energy consumption. Although this effect has been known for almost half a century, the detailed mechanism of drag reduction have still not been clearly identified and is still a subject of ongoing controversy. The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the role of drag reducing agents and to explain the nature of drag reduction mechanism. This could have an impact on the design of efficient pumping systems, the design of drag-reducing agent that are more stable over time, and the modeling of mixing processes that could be an important consideration in designing practical systems.
Drag reduction is a remarkable ability to reduce the frictional resistance in the turbulent flow by adding a low concentration of certain additives, drag reducing additive agents (DRA). High costs of fluid transportation (such as pumping the liquids into the pipelines) in production processes has made drag reduction subject of lots of research in the past decades. Several studies have been carried out on reducing the friction factor in flow system using different drag reducing agents. However, there are a few investigations carried out on the effects of combining two or more DRAs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different additives on drag reduction using various methods. Effects of Polymer, Air bubbles, Aerofroth, and their combination have been investigated through the experimental study.