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Supersonic wind-tunnel tests were conducted with disk-gap-band parachute models having a nominal diameter of 1.65 meters and geometric porosities of 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 percent. Canopy inflation characteristics, angles of attack, and drag performance are presented for deployment behind forebody base extensions which were free to oscillate in pitch and yaw. The effect of increasing suspension-line length on canopy motions and drag performance is included, and the drag performance of a model with 12.5 percent geometric porosity is compared with results from flight tests of a parachute with a nominal diameter of 12.19 meters.
An investigation was conducted at Mach 1.80 in the Langley 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel to determine the effects of variation in reefing ratio and geometric porosity on the drag and stability characteristics of four basic canopy types deployed in the wake of a cone-cylinder forebody. The basic designs included cross, hemisflo, disk-gap-band, and extended-skirt canopies; however, modular cross and standard flat canopies and a ballute were also investigated. An empirical correlation was determined which provides a fair estimation of the drag coefficients in transonic and supersonic flow for parachutes of specific geometric porosity and reefing ratio.
Tests were conducted in wind tunnels to determine the drag and performance characteristics of various disk-gap-band parachute configurations in the wake of a 0.10-scale Viking entry vehicle. The parachutes were also tested behind a small faired body to obtain minimum interference parachute performance characteristics. Increasing the parachute trailing distance and suspension line length increased the parachute drag coefficient at each Mach number.
A test was conducted in a supersonic wind tunnel, to determine deployment characteristics and aerodynamic performance of disk-gap-band parachutes of various geometric porosities and ballutes with various ram-air inlet configurations. Deployments were made from a reentry-type model at nominal free-stream Mach numbers from 2.0 to 3.7 at a nominal free-stream dynamic pressure of 70 psf.
An investigation has been conducted to determine the opening characteristics of several hemispherical parachutes and to study the influence of the parachute design variables on these opening characteristics. The effects of design variables on the drag and stability characteristics of the parachutes were also evaluated.
This report documents wind tunnel tests of a series of 20 gore Disk-Gap-Band parachutes to determine the effects off [sic] gap length, band length, band billow, and cloth air permeability on the parachute aerodynamic characteristics. Measurements for the steady-state drag-force, opening shock force, oscillation stability, and inflation stability were made of the various configurations and are presented in tabular and graphical format.