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Botswana has been pursuing the economy-wide objective of economic diversification for the past three decades. This paper examines the challenges Botswana's Agriculture is likely to face under the EU/ACP Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). While the sector has witnessed some diversification in the past, such success was, however, induced by the provision of government grants to investors and the use of import controls to minimize cross-border competition. It is argues that, since they involve trade liberalization, EPAs should theoretically reverse the progress so far made in diversifying the country's agriculture. It is further argued, however, that Botswana being a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), hence a de facto member of the Trade and Cooperation Development Agreement (TCDA) between South Africa and the EU, it is currently exposed to the gradual trade liberalization under the TCDA. Thus, if import controls are to be removed under SACU, where they are currently being challenged, the TCDA impacts will trickle fully into the Botswana market even in the absence of EPAs. Furthermore, it would be imprudent for Botswana to negotiate and implement a different tariff reduction structure with the EU when the TCDA is already in existence. The paper concludes that policymakers should opt to promote the utilization of the EU development assistance to strengthen local institutions and promote the development of sustainable diversification activities within the sector.
Botswana is a major producer of the world’s diamonds and has been a pacesetter for beneficiation in the country. All mineral resources are finite: Botswana is working towards diversifying the economy before the diamonds run out. As one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Africa, Botswana sets an example to follow. This book gives a practical review of topical issues and the roles of government, the private sector, economic institutions and the international community in driving economic diversification. It highlights challenges faced by many small open economies in Africa as they search for new engines of growth.
The main objective of this empirical study is to investigate the patterns and determinants of livelihood diversification strategies of smallholder households in drought-prone rural Botswana.
Together with Mauritius, Botswana is often categorized as one of two growth miracles in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to its spectacular long-run economic performance and impressive social development, it has been termed both an economic success story and a developmental state. While there is uniqueness in the Botswana experience, several aspects of the country’s opportunities and challenges are of a more general nature. Throughout its history, Botswana has been both blessed and hindered by its natural resource abundance and dependency, which have influenced growth periods, opportunities for economic diversification, strategies for sustainable economic and social development, and the distribution of incomes and opportunities. Through a political economy framework, Hillbom and Bolt provide an updated understanding of an African success story, covering the period from the mid-19th century, when the Tswana groups settled, to the present day. Understanding the interaction over time between geography and factor endowments on the one hand, and the development of economic and political institutions on the other, offers principle lessons from Botswana’s experience to other natural resource rich developing countries.