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Observer design is an essential part of many controller design algorithms because in many applications, measured information alone does not sufficiently represent the system's state. In particular, estimating the system's state can be done by multiple observers cooperatively, which is referred to as distributed estimation. The essential benefit lies in the fact that through cooperation, each individual observer only needs very limited sensor capacity, which allows for large, spatially distributed sensor networks. This thesis is dedicated at improving distributed estimation in a number of ways, including extending the system class towards nonlinear systems implementing event-triggered communication - enabling decentralized computation of the observer parameters preserving scalability of the estimation scheme for systems of increasing size Moreover, we apply such cooperating observers to solving the synchronization and output regulation problem for multi-agent systems.
This book focuses on the basic theory and methods of multisensor data fusion state estimation and its application. It consists of four parts with 12 chapters. In Part I, the basic framework and methods of multisensor optimal estimation and the basic concepts of Kalman filtering are briefly and systematically introduced. In Part II, the data fusion state estimation algorithms under networked environment are introduced. Part III consists of three chapters, in which the fusion estimation algorithms under event-triggered mechanisms are introduced. Part IV consists of two chapters, in which fusion estimation for systems with non-Gaussian but heavy-tailed noises are introduced. The book is primarily intended for researchers and engineers in the field of data fusion and state estimation. It also benefits for both graduate and undergraduate students who are interested in target tracking, navigation, networked control, etc.
This open access book explores the collision between the sustainable energy transition and the Internet of Things (IoT). In that regard, this book’s arrival is timely. Not only is the Internet of Things for energy applications, herein called the energy Internet of Things (eIoT), rapidly developing but also the transition towards sustainable energy to abate global climate is very much at the forefront of public discourse. It is within the context of these two dynamic thrusts, digitization and global climate change, that the energy industry sees itself undergoing significant change in how it is operated and managed. This book recognizes that they impose five fundamental energy management change drivers: 1.) the growing demand for electricity, 2.) the emergence of renewable energy resources, 3.) the emergence of electrified transportation, 4.) the deregulation of electric power markets, 5.) and innovations in smart grid technology. Together, they challenge many of the assumptions upon which the electric grid was first built. The goal of this book is to provide a single integrated picture of how eIoT can come to transform our energy infrastructure. This book links the energy management change drivers mentioned above to the need for a technical energy management solution. It, then, describes how eIoT meets many of the criteria required for such a technical solution. In that regard, the book stresses the ability of eIoT to add sensing, decision-making, and actuation capabilities to millions or perhaps even billions of interacting “smart" devices. With such a large scale transformation composed of so many independent actions, the book also organizes the discussion into a single multi-layer energy management control loop structure. Consequently, much attention is given to not just network-enabled physical devices but also communication networks, distributed control & decision making, and finally technical architectures and standards. Having gone into the detail of these many simultaneously developing technologies, the book returns to how these technologies when integrated form new applications for transactive energy. In that regard, it highlights several eIoT-enabled energy management use cases that fundamentally change the relationship between end users, utilities, and grid operators. Consequently, the book discusses some of the emerging applications for utilities, industry, commerce, and residences. The book concludes that these eIoT applications will transform today’s grid into one that is much more responsive, dynamic, adaptive and flexible. It also concludes that this transformation will bring about new challenges and opportunities for the cyber-physical-economic performance of the grid and the business models of its increasingly growing number of participants and stakeholders.
ACTIVE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Discover the major issues, solutions, techniques, and applications of active electrical distribution networks with this edited resource Active Electrical Distribution Network: A Smart Approach delivers a comprehensive and insightful guide dedicated to addressing the major issues affecting an often-overlooked sector of the electrical industry: electrical distribution. The book discusses in detail a variety of challenges facing the smart electrical distribution network and presents a detailed framework to address these challenges with renewable energy integration. The book offers readers fulsome analyses of active distribution networks for smart grids, as well as active control approached for distributed generation, electric vehicle technology, smart metering systems, smart monitoring devices, smart management systems, and various storage systems. It provides a treatment of the analysis, modeling, and implementation of active electrical distribution systems and an exploration of the ways professionals and researchers from academia and industry attempt to meet the significant challenges facing them. From smart home energy management systems to approaches for the reconfiguration of active distribution networks with renewable energy integration, readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction to electrical distribution networks, including conventional and smart networks An exploration of various existing issues related to the electrical distribution network An examination of the importance of harmonics mitigation in smart distribution networks, including active filters A treatment of reactive power compensation under smart distribution networks, including techniques like capacitor banks and smart devices An analysis of smart distribution network reliability assessment and enhancement Perfect for professionals, scientists, technologists, developers, designers, and researchers in smart grid technologies, security, and information technology, Active Electrical Distribution Network: A Smart Approach will also earn a place in the libraries of policy and administration professionals, as well as those involved with electric utilities, electric policy development, and regulating authorities.
This book constitutes the revised selected papers from the 14th European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, EUMAS 2016, and the Fourth International Conference on Agreement Technologies, AT 2016, held in Valencia, Spain, in December 2016. The 43 papers and 2 invited papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The papers cover thematic areas as agent and multi-agent system models, algorithms, applications, simulations, theoretical studies, and for AT the thematic areas are: algorithms
The first extensive reference on these important techniques The restructuring of the electric utility industry has created the need for a mechanism that can effectively coordinate the various entities in a power market, enabling them to communicate efficiently and perform at an optimal level. Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems, the first resource to address its subject in an extended format, introduces parallel and distributed processing techniques as a compelling solution to this critical problem. Drawing on their years of experience in the industry, Mohammad Shahidehpour and Yaoyu Wang deliver comprehensive coverage of parallel and distributed processing techniques with a focus on power system optimization, control, and communication. The authors begin with theoretical background and an overview of the increasingly deregulated power market, then move quickly into the practical applications and implementations of these pivotal techniques. Chapters include: Integrated Control Center Information Parallel and Distributed Computation of Power Systems Common Information Model and Middleware for Integration Online Distributed Security Assessment and Control Integration, Control, and Operation of Distributed Generation Agent Theory and Power Systems Management e-Commerce of Electricity A ready resource for both students and practitioners, Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems proves an ideal textbook for first-year graduate students in power engineering with an interest in computer communication systems and control center design. Designers, operators, planners, and researchers will likewise appreciate its unique contribution to the professional literature.
This book is concerned with the fault estimation problem for network systems. Firstly, to improve the existing adaptive fault estimation observer, a novel so-called intermediate estimator is proposed to identify the actuator or sensor faults in dynamic control systems with high accuracy and convergence speed. On this basis, by exploiting the properties of network systems such as multi-agent systems and large-scale interconnected systems, this book introduces the concept of distributed intermediate estimator; faults in different nodes can be estimated simultaneously; meanwhile, satisfactory consensus performances can be obtained via compensation based protocols. Finally, the characteristics of the new fault estimation methodology are verified and discussed by a series of experimental results on networked multi-axis motion control systems. This book can be used as a reference book for researcher and designer in the field of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control and can also be used as a reference book for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities.
Discrete Networked Dynamic Systems: Analysis and Performance provides a high-level treatment of a general class of linear discrete-time dynamic systems interconnected over an information network, exchanging relative state measurements or output measurements. It presents a systematic analysis of the material and provides an account to the math development in a unified way. The topics in this book are structured along four dimensions: Agent, Environment, Interaction, and Organization, while keeping global (system-centered) and local (agent-centered) viewpoints. The focus is on the wide-sense consensus problem in discrete networked dynamic systems. The authors rely heavily on algebraic graph theory and topology to derive their results. It is known that graphs play an important role in the analysis of interactions between multiagent/distributed systems. Graph-theoretic analysis provides insight into how topological interactions play a role in achieving coordination among agents. Numerous types of graphs exist in the literature, depending on the edge set of G. A simple graph has no self-loop or edges. Complete graphs are simple graphs with an edge connecting any pair of vertices. The vertex set in a bipartite graph can be partitioned into disjoint non-empty vertex sets, whereby there is an edge connecting every vertex in one set to every vertex in the other set. Random graphs have fixed vertex sets, but the edge set exhibits stochastic behavior modeled by probability functions. Much of the studies in coordination control are based on deterministic/fixed graphs, switching graphs, and random graphs. - This book addresses advanced analytical tools for characterization control, estimation and design of networked dynamic systems over fixed, probabilistic and time-varying graphs - Provides coherent results on adopting a set-theoretic framework for critically examining problems of the analysis, performance and design of discrete distributed systems over graphs - Deals with both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems to guarantee the generality of design results
This book offers a valuable reference guide for researchers in distributed optimization and for senior undergraduate and graduate students alike. Focusing on the natures and functions of agents, communication networks and algorithms in the context of distributed optimization for networked control systems, this book introduces readers to the background of distributed optimization; recent developments in distributed algorithms for various types of underlying communication networks; the implementation of computation-efficient and communication-efficient strategies in the execution of distributed algorithms; and the frameworks of convergence analysis and performance evaluation. On this basis, the book then thoroughly studies 1) distributed constrained optimization and the random sleep scheme, from an agent perspective; 2) asynchronous broadcast-based algorithms, event-triggered communication, quantized communication, unbalanced directed networks, and time-varying networks, from a communication network perspective; and 3) accelerated algorithms and stochastic gradient algorithms, from an algorithm perspective. Finally, the applications of distributed optimization in large-scale statistical learning, wireless sensor networks, and for optimal energy management in smart grids are discussed.
This self-contained introduction to the distributed control of robotic networks offers a distinctive blend of computer science and control theory. The book presents a broad set of tools for understanding coordination algorithms, determining their correctness, and assessing their complexity; and it analyzes various cooperative strategies for tasks such as consensus, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, deployment, and boundary estimation. The unifying theme is a formal model for robotic networks that explicitly incorporates their communication, sensing, control, and processing capabilities--a model that in turn leads to a common formal language to describe and analyze coordination algorithms. Written for first- and second-year graduate students in control and robotics, the book will also be useful to researchers in control theory, robotics, distributed algorithms, and automata theory. The book provides explanations of the basic concepts and main results, as well as numerous examples and exercises. Self-contained exposition of graph-theoretic concepts, distributed algorithms, and complexity measures for processor networks with fixed interconnection topology and for robotic networks with position-dependent interconnection topology Detailed treatment of averaging and consensus algorithms interpreted as linear iterations on synchronous networks Introduction of geometric notions such as partitions, proximity graphs, and multicenter functions Detailed treatment of motion coordination algorithms for deployment, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, and boundary estimation