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Reclaiming al-Andalus focuses on the construction of the scholarly discipline of Orientalist studies in Spain. Special attention is paid to the impact that the elaboration of a series of historical interpretations of the legacy left by Muslim and Jewish culture in Spain had over the writing of national history in the period of the Bourbon Restoration. A historiographical account of Spains Orientalism tackles the problematized issues that both Arabist and Hebraist scholars sought to address. Orientalist scholarship thereby became inextricably linked to different interpretations of the historical shaping of Spanish national identity. Political circumstances of the day impacted on the approach these scholars took as they engaged with the Iberian Semitic past. And this at a critical moment in the crystallization of modern Spanish nationalism. A common thread running through the work of these Orientalist scholars was the tendency to nationalize or Hispanicize cultural activity of the Semitic populations that lived on the Iberian Peninsula in medieval times. This Hispanizication was instrumentalized in diverse ways in order to serve nation-building efforts. Hence Orientalist scholarship became integrated into the national debates that were shaping Spanish cultural and political life at the turn of the century. Reclaiming al-Andalus explains how regenerationist projects taking form after the national crisis of 1898, and different polemical discussions around religion-state affairs, deeply influenced the writings of academic Orientalism. The intertwined connection between Orientalist scholarship and nationalist debates in Spain has hitherto been understudied. This book not only contributes to the general debate on modern Orientalism, but most importantly presents a profound new viewpoint to the ongoing debate on the conflictive history of Spanish nationalism.
Making a fresh contribution to the political history of science, this book explores the connections between the science policies of three countries that each experienced considerable political upheaval in the twentieth century: Spain, Italy and Argentina. By focussing on these three countries, the contributors are able to present case studies that highlight the characteristics and specificities of the democratic and dictatorial political processes involved in the production of science and technology. The focus on dictatorship presents the opportunity to expand our knowledge -beyond the more extensive literature about science in Nazi Germany and Stalinist USSR -about the level of political involvement of scientists in non-democratic contexts and to what extent they act as politicians in different contexts. Key topics covered include the new forms of organization and institutionalization of science in the twentieth century; the involvement of scientific communities in the governance of science and its institutions; the role of ideology in scientific development; the scientific practices adopted by scientific communities in different contexts; and the characteristics of science and technology produced in these contexts.
This is a definitive study of a major intellectual movement of nineteenth-century Spain - the 'harmonic rationalism' of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781-1832). Professor López-Morillas clearly outlines the Krausist philosophy (dedicated to an ideal of universal brotherhood) and its relevance to Spain, where it had an unexpectedly powerful influence.
Classifications and Historical Studies is a collection of papers dealing with theoretical and applied ore petrology. One paper discusses the use of conceptual models in geology such as the diagrammatic/pictorial, the flow-chart, and the tabular types of conceptualizations. Another paper describes some transitional types of mineral deposits in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Concentrations of copper minerals and commonly associated metals form deposits associated with orogenic belts and cratonic regions. The paper points out that many major groups of mineral deposits grade into other groups through occurrences with intermediate or transitional characteristics. It suggests a classification method of mineral deposits based on the observable features of the mineral deposits rather than their inferred genesis. One paper reviews the theory of magmatic—hydrothermal replacement origin of stratiform sulfide ore bodies. The review covers concepts of certain major ore deposits as being independent and isolated phenomena to regarding a wide range of deposits as contemporaneous, indigenous, and related to their environments. Another paper points out that according to North American geologists, certain types of ore deposits are formed syngenetically and are subjected to the same metamorphic events that affect the ores in which they are enclosed. The collection can be valuable to researchers, technical designers, or engineers whose works are related with oil refinery and fossil fuels, as well as to students majoring in geology.