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This book contains the first comprehensive history using extensive primary sources to trace the 1977 earthquake disaster response by the Ceauşescu communist regime, contextualizing its contribution to the public risk that remains in Romania's capital Bucharest. It traces a history of one authoritarian government’s disaster response linking its decisions and ultimate inactions to contemporary public risk. The book begins with a stand-alone chapter to introduce readers to twentieth-century Communist Romania and contextualize the Ceauşescu regime’s response. It provides insights into how Radio Free Europe filled the information vacuum, how the political police, the Securitate, worked as first responders, and how scientific experts debated the best course of action. It examines how the regime requested specific foreign assistance and activated its Securitate abroad to encourage such, prioritized restoration of the economy, and "encouraged" domestic cash and labor contributions in the name of recovery. The book examines how the disaster response abruptly ended, leaving thousands of structurally unsafe buildings. It explains the contemporary seismic risk and post-communist mitigation efforts to reduce it. This book will be of interest to students, researchers, and policy-makers in the fields of history, disaster studies, urban planning, politics, and those interested in communist-era Romania, Europe, and Eurasia; totalitarian and authoritarian regimes.
An insider's account of Romania's emergence from communism control In the 1970s American attorney Alfred H. Moses was approached on the streets of Bucharest by young Jews seeking help to emigrate to Israel. This became the author's mission until the communist regime fell in 1989. Before that Moses had met periodically with Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, to persuade him to allow increased Jewish emigration. This experience deepened Moses's interest in Romania—an interest that culminated in his serving as U.S. ambassador to the country from 1994 to 1997 during the Clinton administration. The ambassador's time of service in Romania came just a few years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. During this period Romania faced economic paralysis and was still buried in the rubble of communism. Over the next three years Moses helped nurture Romania's nascent democratic institutions, promoted privatization of Romania's economy, and shepherded Romania on the path toward full integration with Western institutions. Through frequent press conferences, speeches, and writings in the Romanian and Western press and in his meetings with Romanian officials at the highest level, he stated in plain language the steps Romania needed to take before it could be accepted in the West as a free and democratic country. Bucharest Diary: An American Ambassador's Journey is filled with firsthand stories, including colorful anecdotes, of the diplomacy, both public and private, that helped Romania recover from four decades of communist rule and, eventually, become a member of both NATO and the European Union. Romania still struggles today with the consequences of its history, but it has reached many of its post-communist goals, which Ambassador Moses championed at a crucial time. This book will be of special interest to readers of history and public affairs—in particular those interested in Jewish life under communist rule in Eastern Europe and how the United States and its Western partners helped rebuild an important country devastated by communism.
Yosef Govrin was the Israeli Ambassador to Romania in the twilight of the communist era. Govrin describes Israeli-Romanian relations as he observed them from 1985 to 1989 after which the leader of Romania was deposed.
A comparative analysis of the 1989 regime changes in East-Central Europe from the perspective of transnational history and comparative politics.
This dramatic story of land and power from twentieth-century Eastern Europe is set in two extraordinary villages: a rebel village, where peasants fought the advent of Communism and became its first martyrs, and a model village turned forcibly into a town, Dictator Ceauşescu’s birthplace. The two villages capture among themselves nearly a century of dramatic transformation and social engineering, ending up with their charged heritage in the present European Union. "One of Romania’s foremost social critics, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi offers a valuable look at several decades of policy that marginalized that country’s rural population, from the 1918 land reform to the post-1989 property restitution. Illustrating her arguments with a close comparison of two contrasting villages, she describes the actions of a long series of “predatory elites,” from feudal landowners through the Communist Party through post-communist leaders, all of whom maintained the rural population’s dependency. A forceful concluding chapter shows that its prospects for improvement are scarcely better within the EU. Romania’s villagers have an eminent and spirited advocate in the author.”
This book examines transitional justice in Eastern Europe and the former USSR, exploring their attempts to come to terms with the gross human abuses which characterized their communist past. It considers transitional justice in all its aspects, explaining why different countries adopted different models and how successful they have been.
As our world becomes a truly global village through instantaneous media transmission of events, the relationship between human rights and peaceful international relations receives more and more attention. David P. Forsythe's book analyzes and discusses the dimensions of cover and overt human rights violations and how they militate against the establishment of democracies in the Third World.øPart One describes the paradox of internationally recognized human rights standards and international violence. Forsythe draws a crucial comparison between the lack of overt force between industrialized democracies and the use of covert force by certain democracies against some elected Third World governments.øPart Two deals with human rights and intrastate violence. A creative framework of analysis, centering on the concept of political legitimacy, is illustrated by case studies of Sri Lanka, Liberia, and Romania. Forsythe shows that, in different ways and in different situations, the violation of human rights standards can be correlated with political revolution.øHuman Rights and Peace evaluates critically the argument that human rights in general and democracy in particular contribute to peaceful international relations.
"This book contains the first comprehensive history using extensive primary sources to trace the disaster response the regime engaged in, contextualizing its contribution to the public risk that remains in Romania's capital Bucharest. It offers a comprehensive history into the disaster response of the Ceauşescu communist regime in Romania to the 1977 earthquake. It traces a history of one authoritarian government's disaster response linking its decisions and ultimate inactions to contemporary public risk. The book begins with a stand-alone chapter to introduce readers to twentieth-century Communist Romania and contextualize the Ceauşescu regime's response. It provides insights into how Radio Free Europe filled the information vacuum, how the Securitate worked as first responders and how scientific experts debated the best course of action. It examines how the regime prioritized specific foreign assistance and activated its Securitate abroad to encourage such, and the role of volunteer donations that inspired "encouraged" domestic contributions. The book examines how the disaster response abruptly ended, leaving thousands of structurally unsafe buildings. It explains the contemporary risk of disaster and post-communist mitigation efforts to reduce this. This book will be of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers in the fields of history, disaster studies, urban planning, politics, and those interested in communist-era Romania, Europe, and Eurasia; totalitarian and authoritarian regimes"--