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Around the world, there are concerns that many tax codes are biased against women, and that contemporary tax reforms tend to increase the incidence of taxation on the poorest women while failing to generate enough revenue to fund the programs needed to improve these women's lives. Because taxes are the key source of revenue governments themselves raise, understanding the nature and composition of taxation and current tax reform efforts is key to reducing poverty, providing sufficient revenue for public expenditure, and achieving social justice. This is the first book to systematically examine gender and taxation within and across countries at different levels of development. It presents original research on the gender dimensions of personal income taxes, and value-added, excise, and fuel taxes in Argentina, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda and the United Kingdom. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers studying Public Finance, International Economics, Development Studies, Gender Studies, and International Relations, among other disciplines.
Analysis by tax scholars on the relations between European law and third countries in the field of direct taxation. It includes national reports from over 30 EU Member States and third countries, which were presented at a conference held at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration on 13-15 October 2006. Among the areas addressed by this work are the following: The direct impact of article 56 EC Treaty (right of establishment) in the relations with third states; The indirect impact of the fundamental freedoms in the relations with third states; Fundamental freedoms in relation to EEA States under the EEA Agreement; Agreements between Switzerland and the European Union; The relations with other third states in the field of direct taxes; The impact of secondary EC law on the relations with third states; Article 307 EC Treaty (free movement of capital); and The treaty-making power of the European Union in the relations with third states.
The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitalization have created fundamental problems, not foreseen at its inception. These include tax competition—as governments try to attract tax bases through low tax rates or incentives, and profit shifting, as companies avoid tax by reporting profits in jurisdictions with lower tax rates. The book then discusses solutions, including both evolutionary changes to the current system and fundamental reform options. It covers both reform efforts already under way, for example under the Inclusive Framework at the OECD, and potential radical reform ideas developed by academics.
"The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
This book provides a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences between consumption taxes and direct taxes. Fifty contributions are included, written by academics, practitioners and representatives from several international tax administrations and institutions.
This book analyzes the tax disruptive aspects of new digital business models to determine the need for new tax measures to address the tax challenges of the digitalization of the economy, and presents a proposal for the adoption of a Digital Data Tax (DDT) and a Global Internet Tax Agency (GITA).
Main Highlights of Finance Act, 2021 1. Income Tax- An Introduction, 2. Important Definations, 3. Assessment on Agricultural Income, 4. Exemptes Income, 5. Residence and Tax Liability, 6. Income from Salaries, 7. Income From Salaries (Retirement and Retrenchment), 8. Income From House Property, 9. Depreciation, 10. Profit and ganis of Business or profession, 11.capital Gains, 12. Income From Other Sources, 13. Income tax Authorities, 14. Clubbing of income and Aggregation of Income, 15. Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses, 16. Deduction From Gross Total Income, 17. Assesment of Individulas (Computation of Total Income), 18. Computation of Tax Liability of Individuals, 19. Deduction of Taxes at Sources, 20. Procedure of Assessment, 21. Penalties, Offenecs and Prossecutions, 22. Appeal and Revison, 23. Tax - Planning, 24. Recovery and Refunds of Taxs, 25. Advance Payment of Tax, 26. Assessment of Hindu Undivided Family and Computation of Tax Liability, 27. Assessment of Firm and Association of Persons and Computation of tax Liability, Rebate and Relief in Tax Supreme Court Leading Cases Provisomns and Procedure of Filing the Return of Income and e-Filing of Income Tax and TDS Returns.
1. Income Tax–An Introduction, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Assessment on Agricultural Income, 4. Exempted Incomes, 5. Residence and Tax Liability, 6. Income from Salaries, 7. Income from Salaries (Retirement and Retrenchment), 8. Income from House Property, 9. Depreciation, 10. Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, 11. Capital Gains, 12. Income from Other Sources, 13. Income Tax Authorities, 14. Clubbing of Income and Aggregation of Income, 15. Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses, 16. Deductions from Gross Total Income, 17. Assessment of Individuals (Computation of Total Income), 18. Computation of Tax Liability of Individuals, 19. Deduction of Tax at Source, 20. Procedure of Assessment, 21. Penalties, Offences and Prosecutions, 22. Appeal and Revision, 23. Tax-Planning, 24. Recovery and Refund of Tax, 25. Advance Payment of Tax, 26. Assessment of Hindu undivided Family and Computation of Tax Liability, 27. Assessment of firm and Association of Persons and Computation of Tax Liability. · Rebate and Relief in Tax · Supreme Court Leading Cases · Provisions and Procedure of the Filing the Return of Income and e-Filing of Income Tax and TDS Returns, · Examination Paper