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Evaluation, repair and rehabilitation of bridges are increasingly important topics in the effort to deal with the deteriorating infrastructure. For example, in the United States about 40 percent of the nation's 570,000 bridges are classified, according to the Federal Highway Administra tion's (FHW A) criteria, as deficient and in need of rehabilitation and replacement. In other countries the situation is similar. FHW A estimates the cost of a bridge replacement and reha bilitation program at 50 billion dollars. The major factors that have contributed to the present situation are: the age, inadequate maintenance, increasing load spectra and environmental contamination. The deficient bridges are posted, repaired or replaced. The disposition of bridges involves clear economical and safety implications. To avoid high costs of replacement or repair, the evaluation must accurately reveal the present load carrying capacity of the struc ture and predict loads and any further changes in the capacity (deterioration) in the applicable time span. Accuracy of bridge evaluation can be improved by using the recent developments in bridge diagnostics, structural tests, material tests, structural analysis and probabilistic methods. There is a need for an international exchange of advanced experience to increase the research effi ciency. The Workshop is organized on the premise that the exchange of existing American and European experience in the area of bridge evaluation, repair and rehabilitation is beneficial for both parties involved.
Longitudinal bar debonding allowed spread of yielding and prevented premature failure of reinforcements in UHPC-filled duct connections and grouted coupler column pedestal. The SMA-reinforced ECC column showed superior seismic performance compared to a conventional column in which the plastic hinge damage was limited to only ECC cover spalling even under 12% drift ratio cycles. The column residual displacements were 79% lower than CIP residual displacements on average due to the superelastic NiTi SMA longitudinal reinforcement, and higher base shear capacity and higher displacement capacity were observed. The analytical modeling methods were simple and sufficiently accurate for general design and analyses of precast components proposed in the present study. The proposed symmetrical material model for reinforcing NiTi superelastic SMA was found to be a viable alternative to the more complex asymmetrical model.
This open access book is a compilation of selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Civil Engineering (ICCE2022). The work focuses on novel research findings on seismic technology of civil engineering structures, High-tech construction materials, digitalization of civil engineering, urban underground space development. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers and engineers.
"The HCM includes three printed volumes (Volumes 1-3) that can be purchased from the Transportation Research Board in print and electronic formats. Volume 4 is a free online resource that supports the rest of the manual. It includes: Supplemental chapters 25-38, providing additional details of the methodologies described in the Volume 1-3 chapters, example problems, and other resources; A technical reference library providing access to a significant portion of the research supporting HCM methods; Two applications guides demonstrating how the HCM can be applied to planning-level analysis and a variety of traffic operations applications; Interpretations, updates, and errata for the HCM (as they are developed);A discussion forum allowing HCM users to ask questions and collaborate on HCM-related matters; and Notifications of chapter updates, active discussions, and more via an optional e-mail notification feature."--Publisher.