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Since the beginning of the nineties, the total employment in Nordic manufacturing has fallen with app. 500.000 persons. In spite of this fall in the employment level, manufacturing still has considerable importance for the Nordic countries. This shows for example in exports, research and development, growth in productivity and the development of rural areas. The report points that manufacturing is on the brink of a new era, called “Industry 4.0.” Tomorrow’s successful manufacturing business will be characterized by the way they are able to integrate new advanced production technology, especially digitalisation and automation. The report goes through status, barriers and political initiatives taken concerning digitalisation and automation in all of the Nordic countries. The report also brings recommendations to common Nordic initiatives and opportunities for co-operation on the area.
Thanks to an active process of renewal within the Nordic Council of Ministers, in recent years co-operation has become more flexible and dynamic. The purpose of this annual report is to highlight some examples of the results of this process, categorised into the four main areas of the vision: freedom of movement, innovation, visibility, and international engagement.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-540/ This report aim to go behind narratives of digitalization as a uniform force of disruption, job destruction and revolutionary change at work, and convey a nuanced picture of digitalization played out at ordinary Nordic workplaces in traditional sectors of work. The report is explorative and the findings preliminary, but the picture emerging is nevertheless sobering. Findings show how digitalization in important sectors of Nordic labour markets are marked by gradual adaptation rather than paradigmatic, disruptive change. The connection between digital technologies and the organization of work emerges as a two-way relationship where institutions and politics still matter. Our empirical observations also suggest that the actors in the Nordic model of work are able to continue to influence this relationship in ways that appear to be compatible with the modus operandi of the model.
New technologies present governments with opportunities and challenges in a range of key policy areas such as employment, competitiveness, equity, and sustainability. A consensus is that the national government can play an important role in stimulating innovation. This report explores policy options to facilitate Indonesia's technological transformation and unlock its economic growth potential.
In the Nordic countries, manufacturing plays a vital socio-economic role by contributing to employment and the economy at large. The key prerequisites are a high productivity and a strong competitive edge. One of the ways to obtain and maintain a competitive edge is if (small and medium-sized) companies apply new knowledge and new technologies. To support the use of new technologies by companies, easy access to testing of new products and technologies is a decisive factor for the companies to gain knowledge of and inspiration for the use of the new technologies in their current business. This report presents a mapping of test and demonstration facilities in the Nordic countries, including ten good practice examples of such facilities as well as political initiatives in the Nordic countries, including specific strategies for setting up and structuring test and demonstration facilities
This book explores the capacity of the Danish innovation system to respond to key societal challenges including the green imperative of achieving growth with environmental sustainability and the need to adapt to new and possibly disruptive changes in technology, often referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The book is divided into four main parts. The first describes the evolving characteristics of the Danish system of research and innovation with special attention to the role of policy at the national and regional levels. The second part focuses on interorganisational relations, including the position of Danish firms in national and global value chains. The third part examines changes in labour markets and in the educational and training system, and it considers the impact of new technologies including robotics and artificial intelligence on employment and skills. The fourth part turns to issues of climate change and environmental sustainability including an assessment of the Danish economy’s success in meeting the challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book will be of particular interest to small countries, of which the Danish innovation system is representative, but it also appeals more broadly to an audience interested in innovation systems and policies to support economic development.
The Nordic future of workHow will work and working life in the Nordic countries change in the future? This is the question to be addressed in the project The Future of Work: Opportunities and Challenges for the Nordic Models. This initial report describes the main drivers and trends expected to shape the future of work. It also reviews the main distinctions of the Nordic model and recent developments in Nordic working lives, pointing towards the kind of challenges the future of work may pose to the Nordic models. Too often, debates about the future narrowly focus on changes in technology. This report draws attention to the broader drivers and political-institutional frameworks influencing working life developments, aiming to spur debate about how the interaction of changes in demography, climate, globalization and digital technologies may influence Nordic working lives in the coming decades.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-520/ Major changes in technology, economic contexts, workforces and the institutions of work have ebbed and flowed since well before the first industrial revolution in the 18th century. However, many argue that the changes we are currently facing are different, and that the rise of digitalized production will entirely transform our ways and views of working. In this collaborative project, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, researchers from the five Nordic countries have studied how the ongoing transformations of production and labour markets associated with digitalization, demographic change and new forms of employment will influence the future of work in the Nordic countries.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-509/ The objectives of this report have been to present an overview of the surface treatment (STM) industry and the legal framework for implementation of the IED directive in the Nordic countries. The project describes currently used Best Available Techniques (BATs) in the STM industry in the Nordic countries. Further the project describes the key environmental aspects of the STM sector relating to the use of raw materials, resource use of energy and water, emissions to surface- and groundwater, the generation of solid and liquid wastes. For the final part of the project, twelve BAT candidates and four new emerging techniques are described. The techniques are focusing on resource use, emissions to water, waste management, circular economy, energy use. Optimisation, closed loop systems, digitalisation and automation are common denominators.
This book provides practical guidance and awareness for a growing body of knowledge developing across a variety of disciplines and many countries. This book is a celebration of the Gavriel Salvendy International Symposium (GSIS) and provides a survey of topics and emerging areas of interest in human–automation interaction. This book for the GSIS emphasizes main thematic areas: manufacturing, services and user experience. Main areas of coverage include Section A: Advanced Production Management and Production Control; Section B: Healthcare Automation; Section C: Measuring and Modeling Human Performance; Section D: Usability and User Experience; Section E: Safety Management and Occupational Ergonomics; Section F: Manufacturing and Services; Section G: Data and Probabilistic Information; Section H: Training and Collaboration Technologies. Contributions from especially early career researchers were featured as part of this (virtual) symposium and celebration. Gavriel Salvendy initiated the conferences that run annually as Human–Computer Interaction International and Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International (AHFE), both within the Lecture Notes in Springer. The book is inclusive of human–computer interaction and human factors and ergonomics principles, yet it is intended to serve a much wider audience that has interest in automation and human modeling. The emerging need for human–automation interaction expertise has developed from an ever-growing availability and presence of automation in our everyday lives.