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This book pushes the limits of conventional MRI visualization methods by completely changing the medical imaging landscape and leads to innovations that will help patients and healthcare providers alike. It enhances the capabilities of MRI anatomical visualization to a level that has never before been possible for researchers and clinicians. The computational and digital algorithms developed can enable a more thorough understanding of the intricate structures found within the human body, surpassing the constraints of traditional 2D methods. The Physics-informed Neural Networks as presented can enhance three-dimensional rendering for deeper understanding of the spatial relationships and subtle abnormalities of anatomical features and sets the stage for upcoming advancements that could impact a wider range of digital heath modalities. This book opens the door to ultra-powerful digital molecular MRI powered by quantum computing that can perform calculations that would take supercomputers millions of years.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine
Based on the analytical methods and the computer programs presented in this book, all that may be needed to perform MRI tissue diagnosis is the availability of relaxometric data and simple computer program proficiency. These programs are easy to use, highly interactive and the data processing is fast and unambiguous. Laboratories (with or without sophisticated facilities) can perform computational magnetic resonance diagnosis with only T1 and T2 relaxation data. The results have motivated the use of data to produce data-driven predictions required for machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Consequently, this book is intended to be very useful for students, scientists, engineers, the medical personnel and researchers who are interested in developing new concepts for deeper appreciation of computational magnetic resonance imaging for medical diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and management of tissue diseases.
The ability of molecular and cellular imaging to track the survival, migration, and differentiation of cells in vivo as well as monitor particular gene expression in living subjects is rapidly moving from the research laboratory into daily clinical settings. The interdisciplinary nature of the field mandates a constant dialogue among molecular and
Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a contemporary introduction of the fundamental concepts of MRI and connects these concepts to the latest MRI developments. Graphic illustrations are used to clarify underlying biophysical processes, simplified calculations are derived to add precision in appreciating abstract concepts, and insightful interpretations are presented for biomedical information in MRI signal. This book contains three parts. I. Section the body into voxels, which describes the Fourier encoding matrix for an imaging system, realization of Fourier encoding using the gradient field in magnetic resonance, and k-space sampling. II. What's in a voxel, which examines the effects of the biophysical processes in a voxel on MRI signal. Intuitive biophysical models are developed for MRI signal dependence on Spin fluctuation in thermal microenvironment, which leads to T1/T2 relaxation rates reflecting cellular contents in a water voxel. Micro- and macro physiological motion, which includes diffusion, perfusion, flow and biomechanical motion. Molecular electron response to the B0 field, which leads to magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift. III. How to operate MRI, which describes MRI safety issue, hardware, software, MRI scanning and routine MRI protocols. This book also uses basic concepts to demonstrate and expose students to the latest technological innovations in MRI, including: B1+ B1- mapping, Electric property tomography (EPT), Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), Contrast agents, Molecular MRI, Spin tagging (SPAMM and DENSE), MR elastography, Parallel imaging including SENSE and GRAPPA, Compressed sensing and Bayesian approach.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Magnetic Resonance Sensors" that was published in Sensors
This book examines multi-quantum magnetic resonance imaging methods and the diagnostics of brain disorders. It consists of two Parts. The part I is initially devoted towards the basic concepts of the conventional single quantum MRI techniques. It is supplemented by the basic knowledge required to understand multi-quantum MRI. Practical illustrations are included both on recent developments in conventional MRI and the MQ-MRI. This is to illustrate the connection between theoretical concepts and their scope in the clinical applications. The Part II initially sets out the basic details about quadrupole charge distribution present in certain nuclei and their importance about the functions they perform in our brain. Some simplified final mathematical expressions are included to illustrate facts about the basic concepts of the quantum level interactions between magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole behavior of useful nuclei present in the brain. Selected practical illustrations, from research and clinical practices are included to illustrate the newly emerging ideas and techniques. The reader should note that the two parts of the book are written with no interdependence. One can read them quite independently.