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Objectives: Athlete0́9s nutritional habits and knowledge can directly affect their performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional habits and knowledge of the Division I collegiate football player. Methods: The participants of this study are male Division I college football players at Utah State University. The athletes included 45 players ranging from 18-26 and include freshman through seniors. Results: Over eighty six percent of the athletes were unaware that a nutritionist was readily available to them. Sixty percent of the athletes were interested in meeting with the nutritionist. Forty percent of the athletes ate at a fast-food restaurant daily while 31.5% ate at these restaurants three to five days a week. Fifty one percent of the athletes answered 0́−yes0́+ to trying to 0́−gain weight0́+ while 40% answered 0́−no0́+. Over forty six percent of the athletes rely on 0́−strength coaches0́+ for guidance and 25.5% for teammates &/or friends & family. Conclusion: Continued research on dietary interventions would be helpful to determine the ideal way to improve nutrition knowledge on an individual and team basis. Given the proper guidance, the team would be able to see the benefits of proper nutrition and dietary habits both on and off the field.
Abstract: In 2019, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) changed their legislation and no longer categorized omega-3 supplements as impermissible due to emerging research that supports significant levels of deficiency within college athletes, especially football players who have elevated risk of occurring neurological and cardiovascular health conditions. This has increased interest in the nutrient, while creating a need for proper recommendations, nutrition interventions, and further research about the omega-3 status of college football players. As supplementation is allowed, dietary intake is still an important factor to consider among deficient athletes. The purpose of this directed project is to develop an athlete-focused guidebook that will help male football players meet the daily omega-3 recommendations published by the National Academy of Medicine and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The guidebook provides education on the intake of foods and forms of supplementation rich in omega-3s that will aid in achieving baseline recommended levels, as well as potential elevated needs. The guidebook education is based on the research supporting the adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids in football athletes to decrease their elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), while also promoting an optimal healing environment for improved outcomes with high rates of head trauma during sport.
Given the physical and physiological nature of football, one can understand the importance of nutrition as a tool to maximize performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether football players' dietary intake differs from recommended values, and whether the degree of deviation can be predicted by nutrition knowledge. Utah State University football players were used in the study. All participants were interviewed using 24-hr dietary recall and given a nutrition knowledge test. Results of this study revealed that the participants' dietary intake was significantly different from recommended values. Nutrition knowledge did not significantly predict dietary behavior, even when coupled with other possible predictor variables. This study suggests that the sample of football players used in this study do not follow dietary recommendations. In addition, there may be other variables that better predict dietary behavior.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in athletes can be equally attained through dietary protein intake versus protein supplementation. Methods: Performance measures, body composition, and blood lipids were compared in redshirt football players who completed an eleven week protocol of either protein supplementation (S, n=6, 28 grams 3x/week) versus whole food protein (NS, n=9, 8-28 grams 3x/week). Subjects completed two 3-day diet records to determine nutrient intake. Results: Both groups reported meeting their protein requirements, but caloric intake was below the recommendation. Similar increases (P=0.003) in lean body mass were measured in the S (pre 72.2 " 6.6, post 73.0 " 6.3 kg) and NS groups (69.3 " 8.6, post 70.9 " 8.8 kg). No significant differences were found between the two groups in performance variables. For example, bench press increased (P=0.01) from 251 " 32 to 264 " 36 pounds in the S group and from 245 " 26 to 256 " 28 in the NS group. Conclusion: Both S and NS groups consumed on average at least the recommended protein intake and protein supplementation did not offer any performance or anabolic advantage over whole food protein.
Clinical Sports Nutrition is a complete practical and clinical reference that provides state-of-the-art sports nutrition information. Each chapter contains specific reviews followed by practice tips. Contributions come from leading academics, physicians, and sports dieticians in Australia, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Finland.
Due to nutrition-related knowledge misconceptions, undesirable dietary choices, and risks of developing obesity-related chronic diseases, nutrition intervention is strongly recommended for collegiate football players. For the present study, nine players completed the protocol as designed while three were self-selected controls. Nutrition knowledge was evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Food intake was analyzed over 3-weeks during three study periods: baseline (2 days) which consisted of observation only, nutrition education (1 day) which consisted of a 1-hour guided discussion, and combination treatment (2 days) which consisted of continued nutrition education at the training table along with the addition of fresh fruit and 1% chocolate milk to the training table menu. All subjects had access to the same meals, but the control group did not receive any nutrition education. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to anaylze differences in knowledge and food intake. Results indicated that the nutrition education intervention significantly increased nutrition knowledge in the intervention group (p=0.018). Similarly, combination treatment significantly increased intake of fresh fruit and 1% chocolate milk in the intervention group only (p=0.008). Therefore, the training table may be a viable and an inexpensive avenue for improving the nutrition knowledge and diet quality of athletes.
This study exam ined body weight, dietary intake, and physical activity levels of recent college graduates. A questionnaire was m ailed to random ly selected graduates from eight M id-Am erican Conference universities who com pleted their degrees betw een the years of 1990 and 1994. Participants included 219 form er football players and 173 non-athlete graduates. Com parisons were made among non-athlete graduates and two groups of form er football players: Those who played skilled positions (n=78) and weighed less than 100 kg. and the non-skilled positions (n=141) who weighed more than 100 kg. Change in body weight since graduation did not vary significantly over time but did vary by group. Non-athlete graduates had a mean weight gain of 3.1 ±5.6 kg. Non-skilled position football players had a weight loss of -7.2 ±10.6 kg, which was significantly greater than the skilled position loss of -1.5 ± 9 .6 kg. Energy and nutrient intakes were determ ined via a food frequency questionnaire. The mean energy intake was 2,488 ±9 14 kcal. which was not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of macro and micronutrients re sim ilar for the three groups. Overall intakes of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol exceeded current dietary recom m endations for health prom otion and disease prevention. Intake of M agnesium was below recom m ended intake level for 74% of study sample, followed by Calcium (59%), Zinc (33%), Vitamin E (27%) and Vitamin A (20%). The Baecke Habitual Physical Activity questionnaire assessed physical activity in work, leisure, and sport. The three different groups did not differ in score for work and leisure indices. However, both non-skilled and skilled football positions reported significantly higher levels of sport physical activity and therefore energy expenditure. This difference suggests a pivotal role for post-graduate organized sports in the explanation of weight change since graduation for football players and non-football players.