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This compilation of papers covers recent advances in integrating modelling and sensing for intelligent processing control of solidification processes such as melt processing, casting, joining, RSP, vapour plasma and crystal growth.
The aim of this project was to develop and evaluate high-strength steel sheet products where the hardening introduced during cold rolling is retained to a significant degree by incomplete recrystallisation, a treatment that has been termed 'back-annealing'. The investigation included a wide range of low carbon and stainless steels. An initial round robin exercise helped to coordinate the experimental procedure in the different partners' laboratories. This phase of the work also revealed that only very modest improvements in the strength-ductility balance are possible when using simple, low-strength steel compositions. Further development was therefore directed towards back-annealing of more complex steel grades, having incompletely recrystallised ferrite matrices, including: - micro-alloyed steels containing niobium or titanium to provide precipitation hardening; - dual phase steels having martensite as a second phase; - TRIP steels having austenite as a second phase; - stainless steels with both traditional chemistries and new high Mn-N variants. Significant improvements were obtained in the combination of strength and formability from tensile tests in several of these cases. In particular, it appears that bending and hole flanging properties can be improved for high strength sheet. Fatigue strength was improved for the stainless steel but apparently not for the back-annealed dual phase steel. Computer modelling has been developed to predict annealing kinetics and mechanical behaviour of the heat treated products. Depending on the applications, the approaches were chosen to be either physical/analytical or artificial neural network models.
Flat steel products are fundamental to modern manufacturing and construction, serving as crucial materials in a wide array of industries. From automotive components and household appliances to building structures and packaging materials, flat steel’s versatility and strength make it indispensable. The flat steel industry has seen numerous technological advancements that have enhanced product quality and production efficiency. Key developments include: · Advanced Coating Technologies · Precision Manufacturing · High-Strength and Specialty Steels · Sustainability Initiatives The advancements in flat steel products have had a profound impact on both industry and society. In the industrial realm, these products have enabled the creation of safer, more efficient, and more durable materials. The automotive industry’s use of high-strength steel, for example, has led to safer vehicles with improved fuel efficiency. On a societal level, the widespread use of flat steel products has contributed to improved living standards. Household appliances and infrastructure developments have enhanced everyday life by providing reliable and durable solutions. Additionally, the impact of flat steel products on the economy cannot be overstated; they support numerous jobs and contribute significantly to global trade.
This volume contains the papers presented at the Third International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures, Cracow, Poland on June 5-7, 2001. There has been a substantial growth in knowledge in the field of Thin-Walled Structures over the past few decades. Lightweight structures are in widespread use in the Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical, Automobile, Chemical and Offshore Engineering fields. The development of new processes, new methods of connections, new materials has gone hand-in-hand with the evolution of advanced analytical methods suitable for dealing with the increasing complexity of the design work involved in ensuring safety and confidence in the finished products. Of particular importance with regard to the analytical process is the growth in use of the finite element method. This method, about 40 years ago, was confined to rather specialist use, mainly in the aeronautical field, because of its requirements for substantial calculation capacity. The development over recent years of extremely powerful microcomputers has ensured that the application of the finite element method is now possible for problems in all fields of engineering, and a variety of finite element packages have been developed to enhance the ease of use and the availability of the method in the engineering design process.
An Emerging Tool for Pioneering Engineers Co-published by the International Federation of Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering.Thermal processing is a highly precise science that does not easily lend itself to improvements through modeling, as the computations required to attain an accurate prediction of the microstructure and properties of work
George Krauss, University Emeritus Professor, Colorado School of Mines and author of the best-selling ASM book Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, discusses some of the important additions and updates to the new second edition.
The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.
The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes. The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher. The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
STEELS: Metallurgy and Applications provides a metallurgical understanding of commercial steel grades and the design, manufacturing and service requirements that govern their application. The properties of different steels are described, detailing the effect of composition, processing and heat treatment. Where appropriate an introduction is given to standard specifications and design codes provided on component manufacture and property requirements for successful service performance. The book deals with steel products in some depth, in four chapters covering wide strip, structural steels, engineering and stainless steel grades. At the begining of each chapter an overview is given which details important features of the grades and a historical perspective of their development. Also featured are up to date information on steel prices and specifications. David Llewellyn has over thirty years experience in the steel industry and is currently lecturing in the Materials Engineering Department at University College Swansea. '..the book unfolds into an easily readable and a valuable source of highly relevant and contemporary information on steels' - METALS AND MATERIALS '.. a high quality product from all points of view' - INSTITUTE OF METALS AND MATERIALS AUSTRALASIA features up to date information on steel prices and specifications.