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Automotive Steels: Design, Metallurgy, Processing and Applications explores the design, processing, metallurgy, and applications of automotive steels. While some sheet steels are produced routinely in high volume today, there have been significant advances in the use of steel in the automotive industry. This book presents these metallurgical and application aspects in a way that is not available in the current literature. The editors have assembled an international team of experts who discuss recent developments and future prospects for automotive steels, compiling essential reading for both academic and industrial metallurgists, automotive design engineers, and postgraduate students attending courses on the metallurgy of automotive materials. Presents recent developments on the design, metallurgy, processing, and applications of automotive steels Discusses automotive steels that are currently in the early stages of research, such as low-density and high modulus steels that are driving future development Covers traditional steels, advanced high strength steels, elevated Mn steels and ferrous composite materials
The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.
The current work aimed to develop cold rolled steel sheets with Rm> 1000 MPa optimised for roll forming to be produced in existing continuous annealing lines with either gas (CAL-GQ) or water quenching (CAL-WQ) and in hot dip galvanising (HDG) lines. The result of the project is a significant improvement in roll formability for materials produced in all three lines, compared to state of the art materials of the same strength level. The three steels developed within the project also reached the target values in terms of bendability (Ri/t 2) and hole expansion ratio (punched)25%. For the HDG line, the optimum microstructure consisted of bainite and small amounts of untempered martensite to reach the necessary strength level. A key to produce these steels is to avoid polygonal ferrite by using a relative high annealing temperature and well balanced amount of hardenable elements. For CAL-GQ with overaging section, the optimum microstructure consists of lower bainite, tempered martensite, and possibly a few percent ferrite. The process window in this line is largest, even Rm> 1200 MPa materials were produced in this line with good formability. For CAL-WQ with tempering section, the optimum microstructure is a highfraction martensite DP steel tempered at relative high temperature. This steel can be produced with very lean chemistries but controlling the amount and distribution of martensite is challenging.
Advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focuses on the theory, simulation and practice of the rolling of AHSSs: The book introduces the history, types and advances of AHSSs and their processes; proposes new theory that is applicable to the rolling of AHSSs, presents mathematical and numerical modelling of AHSSs in rolling; covers thermomechanical processing technologies of AHSSs; provides case studies on the rolling practice of the most popular AHSSs and includes other rolling-related technologies of AHSSs. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at AHSSs rolling technologies, and will be a scientific and valuable literature for the metallurgists, engineers, materials scientists, academics and graduate students who are studying and working with AHSSs and their rolling technologies worldwide.