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This book develops a methodology for designing feedback control laws for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) exploiting the introduction of new sensing and information-dissemination technologies to facilitate the introduction of real-time traffic management in intelligent transportation systems. Three methods of modeling the traffic system are discussed: partial differential equations representing a distributed-parameter setting; continuous-time ordinary differential equations (ODEs) representing a continuous-time lumped-parameter setting; and discreet-time ODEs representing a discrete-time lumped-parameter setting. Feedback control formulations for reaching road-user-equilibrium are presented for each setting and advantages and disadvantage of using each are addressed. The closed-loop methods described are proposed expressly to avoid the counter-productive shifting of bottlenecks from one route to another because of driver over-reaction to routing information. The second edition of Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment has been thoroughly updated with completely new chapters: a review of the DTA problem and emphasizing real-time-feedback-based problems; an up-to-date presentation of pertinent traffic-flow theory; and a treatment of the mathematical solution to the traffic dynamics. Techinques accounting for the importance of entropy are further new inclusions at various points in the text. Researchers working in traffic control will find the theoretical material presented a sound basis for further research; the continual reference to applications will help professionals working in highway administration and engineering with the increasingly important task of maintaining and smoothing traffic flow; the extensive use of end-of-chapter exercises will help the graduate student and those new to the field to extend their knowledge.
This monograph provides an extended overview of modelling and control approaches for freeway traffic systems, moving from the early methods to the most recent scientific results and field implementations. The concepts of green traffic systems and smart mobility are addressed in the book, since a modern freeway traffic management system should be designed to be sustainable. Future perspectives on freeway traffic control are also analysed and discussed with reference to the most recent technological advancements The most widespread modelling and control techniques for freeway traffic systems are treated with mathematical rigour, but also discussed with reference to their performance assessment and to the expected impact of their practical usage in real traffic systems. In order to make the book accessible to readers of different backgrounds, some fundamental aspects of traffic theory as well as some basic control concepts, useful for better understanding the addressed topics, are provided in the book. This monograph can be used as a textbook for courses on transport engineering, traffic management and control. It is also addressed to experts working in traffic monitoring and control areas and to researchers, technicians and practitioners of both transportation and control engineering. The authors’ systematic vision of traffic modelling and control methods developed over decades makes the book a valuable survey resource for freeway traffic managers, freeway stakeholders and transportation public authorities with professional interests in freeway traffic systems. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
This synthesis will be of interest to traffic engineers, planners, and others interested in how highway agencies deal with freeway incidents. Information is provided on the procedures and processes that highway agencies use to respond to traffic congestion caused by incidents on freeways. Congestion on freeways frequently is caused by incidents such as stalled vehicles or accidents that reduce the capacity of the freeway below the level of demand. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the procedures and processes used by states to respond to traffic congestion caused by incidents on freeways.
Intended to assist agencies responsible for incident management activities on public roadways to improve their programs and operations.Organized into three major sections: Introduction to incident management; organizing, planning, designing and implementing an incident management program; operational and technical approaches to improving the incident management process.
This document focuses on freeway and incident management systems, a component of ITS. It aims to provide practical help for the transportation community with deploying freeway and incident management systems in an integrated, multimodal environment using the National ITS Architecture. ITS is the application of management strategies and technologies to increase the efficiency and safety of national, regional, and local surface transportation systems. This document covers the basics of freeway and incident management ITS applications, the role the National ITS Architecture can play in freeway and incident management system project development, the development process for a regional architecture, some challenges faced by transportation management agencies, and some best practices and lessons learned for developing and deploying advanced freeway and incident management systems.
The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) required all states to develop and implement a congestion management system (CMS). ISTEA defines a congestion management system as a process of data collection and analysis. This process includes monitoring existing transportation system performance and evaluating strategies with the potential to reduce traffic congestion and improve mobility. The CMS, once implemented, will serve as a decision-support tool and an integral part of the transportation planning process. However, new analytical tools are needed to model and evaluate the potential benefits of congestion management as part of the CMS program. Under ISTEA, states and other government agencies began to recognize the positive benefits of congestion management in the planning process. As these benefits continue to be realized, a more thorough understanding of congestion and the need for better approaches to mitigate congestion will be achieved.