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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: In this thesis it was shown that it is possible to set-up a very fast and flexible realtime controller using only off-the-shelf components on a PC platform. To best fit the requirements, the used hardware and software has been chosen carefully and compared with other market products. After evaluating the timing and handling structure, the real-time controller and the system drivers were implemented using the 'C' program language. To ensure flexibility, this program has been tested on two different hardware configurations. Timing analyses and measurements are compare for the two configurations. All code is written to be easy to understand and quickly learned by students. To prove the system capabilities, a PI control algorithm has been implemented to control the torque of a DC machine. The system ran on a 333 MHz PII with algorithm times of about 600ns and an overall sampling rate of 20kHz. This very flexible system, together with the real time operating system of RTLinux and Linux, makes it possible to build a control platform for power electronics which can be easily adapted to fit almost every requirement in a very short time. The superior computation power of standard PCs (and the possibility to upgrade the CPU) is a decisive advantage to common DSP solutions - especially when system cost is an important factor. The use of open source operating systems enables full control and survey of the whole system. Software and utilities for almost all applications is available in source code. Competent help can be obtained from an active community via the internet as well as from professional companies. Together, these facts ensure that the lifetime of this PC based control platform is not restricted by the availability of spare parts from single companies. And it is not limited by the software and hardware possibilities of the year 2001. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.Introduction1 1.1Organization2 1.2Conventions2 2.Requirements3 3.Choosing the Hardware4 3.1PC System4 3.2DAC and ADC Hardware6 3.3Hardware description9 4.Choosing the right Software16 4.1System Specific Demands16 4.2Standard Operating Systems (OSs) and Real-Time Control16 4.3Real Time Operating Systems17 4.3.1Definition of a Real-Time System17 4.3.2Used Definition of 'Real Time'20 4.3.3Market Overview20 4.4Characteristics of Suitable Real Time Operating Systems21 4.4.1The Ordeal of [...]
Go in-depth with this comprehensive discussion of distributed energy management Distributed Energy Management of Electrical Power Systems provides the most complete analysis of fully distributed control approaches and their applications for electric power systems available today. Authored by four respected leaders in the field, the book covers the technical aspects of control, operation management, and optimization of electric power systems. In each chapter, the book covers the foundations and fundamentals of the topic under discussion. It then moves on to more advanced applications. Topics reviewed in the book include: System-level coordinated control Optimization of active and reactive power in power grids The coordinated control of distributed generation, elastic load and energy storage systems Distributed Energy Management incorporates discussions of emerging and future technologies and their potential effects on electrical power systems. The increased impact of renewable energy sources is also covered. Perfect for industry practitioners and graduate students in the field of power systems, Distributed Energy Management remains the leading reference for anyone with an interest in its fascinating subject matter.
Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.
This book contains select proceedings of EPREC-2021 with a focus on power electronics and drives. The book includes original research and case studies that present recent developments in power electronics focusing on power inverters and converters. The book also consists of research work on electrical drives, regulated power supplies, operation of FACTS & HVDC, etc. The book will be a valuable reference guide for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in the advancements of power electronics and drives.
This book analyzes the thermal characteristics of power electronic devices (PEDs) with a focus on those used in wind and solar energy systems. The authors focus on the devices used in such applications, for example boost converters and inverters under different operating conditions. The book explains in detail finite element modeling techniques, setting up measuring systems, data analysis, and PEDs’ lifetime calculations. It is appropriate reading for graduate students and researchers who focus on the design and reliability of power electronic devices.
This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Computer Technologies 2021 (ICAECT 2021). The papers presented in this book are peer-reviewed and cover the latest research in electrical, electronics, communication, and computer engineering. Topics covered include smart grids, soft computing techniques in power systems, smart energy management systems, power electronics, feedback control systems, biomedical engineering, geographic information systems, grid computing, data mining, image and signal processing, video processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, cloud computing, pervasive computing, intelligent systems, artificial intelligence, neural network and fuzzy logic, broadband communication, mobile and optical communication, network security, VLSI, embedded systems, optical networks, and wireless communication. The book is useful for students and researchers working in the different overlapping areas of electrical, electronics, and communication engineering.
Plant Intelligent Automation and Digital Transformation: Volume II: Control and Monitoring Hardware and Software is an expansive four volume collection that reviews every major aspect of the intelligent automation and digital transformation of power, process and manufacturing plants, including specific control and automation systems pertinent to various power process plants using manufacturing and factory automation systems. The book reviews the key role of management Information systems (MIS), HMI and alarm systems in plant automation in systemic digitalization, covering hardware and software implementations for embedded microcontrollers, FPGA and operator and engineering stations. Chapters address plant lifecycle considerations, inclusive of plant hazards and risk analysis. Finally, the book discusses industry 4.0 factory automation as a component of digitalization strategies as well as digital transformation of power plants, process plants and manufacturing industries. - Reviews supervisory control and data acquisitions (SCADA) systems for real-time plant data analysis - Provides practitioner perspectives on operational implementation, including human machine interface, operator workstation and engineering workstations - Covers alarm and alarm management systems, including lifecycle considerations - Fully covers risk analysis and assessment, including safety lifecycle and relevant safety instrumentation
A comprehensive review of analytical signal processing techniques applied to power systems and power quality applications. This reference book is unique in addressing time-varying waveform and harmonic distortions. It details many different approaches, pooling cutting edge material from university lecturers and practising power engineers to provide a wide spectrum of expertise. Divided into clear sections, the book discusses a range of topics including... current and voltage variations; standards and measurement issues; advanced techniques such as spectral, time-frequency, probabilistic; and further methods, such as independent component analysis, and fuzzy logic. Case studies, real world data and examples (including basic application examples and sample waves from industrial sites) supplement the theory and demonstrate the methods shown. With extensive appendices in addition, this book is of great value to power systems, utility, maintenance and instrumentation engineers. It is also a useful source of information for researchers and consultants, university professors and graduate students in power systems and power quality areas.
This book chronicles recent advances in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles and looks ahead to the future potential of these vehicles. Featuring SAE technical papers -- plus articles from Automotive Engineering International magazine -- from 1997-2001, Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides coverage of topics such as: Lithium-Ion Batteries Regenerative Braking Fuel Economy Transmissions Fuel Cell Technology Hydrogen-Fueled Engines And many more Electric and hybrid-electric activities at companies such as Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Dodge, and Toyota are also covered.
This text is an introduction to the use of control in distributed power generation. It shows the reader how reliable control can be achieved so as to realize the potential of small networks of diverse energy sources, either singly or in coordination, for meeting concerns of energy cost, energy security and environmental protection. The book demonstrates how such microgrids, interconnecting groups of generating units and loads within a local area, can be an effective means of balancing electrical supply and demand. It takes advantage of the ability to connect and disconnect microgrids from the main body of the power grid to give flexibility in response to special events, planned or unplanned. In order to capture the main opportunities for expanding the power grid and to present the plethora of associated open problems in control theory Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems is organized to treat three key themes, namely: system architecture and integration; modelling and analysis; and communications and control. Each chapter makes use of examples and simulations and appropriate problems to help the reader study. Tools helpful to the reader in accessing the mathematical analysis presented within the main body of the book are given in an appendix. Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems will enable readers new to the field of distributed power generation and networked control, whether experienced academic migrating from another field or graduate student beginning a research career, to familiarize themselves with the important points of the control and regulation of microgrids. It will also be useful for practising power engineers wishing to keep abreast of changes in power grids necessitated by the diversification of generating methods.