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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a very useful technique for noninvasive measurement of tissue oxygenation Among various methods of NIRS, continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) is especially suitable for real-time measurement and for practical use. CW-NIRS has recently been applied to in vivo reflectance imaging of muscle oxygenation and brain activity. However, conventional mapping systems do not have a sufficient mapping area at present. Moreover; they do not enable quantitative measurement of tissue oxygenation because conventional NIRS is based on the inappropriate assumption that tissue is homogeneous. In this study, we developed a 200- channel mapping system that enables measurement of changes in oxygenation and blood volume and that covers a wider area (30 cm x 20 cm) than do conventional systems. The spatial resolution (source-detector separation) of this system is 15 mm. As for the effects of tissue inhomogeneity on muscle oxygenation measurement, subcutaneous adipose tissue greatly reduces measurement sensitivity. Therefore, we also used a correction method for the influence of the subcutaneous fat layer so that we could obtain quantitative changes in concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. We conducted exercise tests and measured the changes in hemoglobin concentration in the thigh using the new system. The working muscles in the exercises could be imaged, and the heterogeneity of the muscles was shown. These results demonstrated the new 2O0-channel mapping system enables observation of the distribution of muscle metabolism and localization of muscle function.
Near infrared spectroscopy [NIRS] is a non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging technique that uses light in the 650 nm to 2,500 nm region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In medical applications, optical devices utilize what is known as the biologic window (i.e. "therapeutic widow"). This window encompasses the light from 600 nm to approximately 1,400 nm. The reason why many medical optical devices exploit light sources within this spectrum is that tissue proteins are relatively transparent at these wavelengths with the exception of certain chromophores such as oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, fat, and water. However, light is highly scattered by the tissue and this scattering phenomena must be considered when obtaining information at depth within tissues. Thus, good penetration of light into the tissue and investigation of chromophores of interest at various depths is possible but requires careful modeling and understanding of light scattering at given depths. Since their introduction, medical NIRS devices have been used in many physiologic monitoring applications, including, pulse oximetry, functional NIR for measuring the neuronal activity in the brain, measurement of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscles, and more recently the measurement of tissue blood perfusion. This dissertation investigated a hypothesis that multi-channel depth-resolved near infrared spectroscopy can be used to monitor lower leg tissue oxygenation and lower leg oxygenation abnormalities and that depth-resolved data collection will provide useful information for analyzing the oxygenation state of tissue. The work presented here details development of a novel portable multi-channel NIRS system capable of long-term non-invasive monitoring of lower leg tissue blood oxygenation levels. Twenty two healthy subjects took part in the feasibility study of the novel system. The study examined the performance of the novel NIRS system in acquiring depth resolved multi-channel data from control leg and test leg, which was subjected to 60-second venous occlusion. The results showed that: The system is capable of acquiring statistically significant multi-channel NIRS data during venous occlusion with or without baseline data; and depth-resolved data provides significant information for analyzing oxygenation state of tissue. These findings indicate that the novel multi-channel depth resolved near infrared spectroscopy system could be used for lower leg tissue oxygenation monitoring.
This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 6 parts: Brain Oxygenation and Function, Tumor Oxygenation and Metabolism, Muscle Oxygenation and Sports Medicine, Cell Metabolism and Tissue Oxygenation, Methodology of O2 Measurements, and Special Topics. The articles in this book have been presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2019) held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, from July 28 to July 31, 2019. Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.
This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 6 parts: Brain Oxygenation and Function, Tumor Oxygenation and Metabolism, Muscle Oxygenation and Sports Medicine, Cell Metabolism and Tissue Oxygenation, Methodology of O2 Measurements, and Special Topics. The articles in this book have been presented at the 46th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2018) held in Seoul, Republic of Korea, from July 1 to July 5, 2018. Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.
The book contains the refereed contributions from the 45th Annual Meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) 2017. This volume covers cross-disciplinary work on a broad range of topics related to the dynamics of oxygen transport: microcirculation and vascular medicine; O2 deficiency and its impact on molecular processes in cells and tissues; cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function; multimodal functional imaging; mathematical modeling; the clinical relevance of oxygen supply as well as therapeutic interventions (e.g. in oncology or critical care medicine). The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from diverse fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. The book includes sections on brain oxygenation and function, NIRS oxygenation measurements, tumor oxygenation, cell metabolism, tissue oxygenation and treatment, methodical aspects of O2 measurements and physicochemical aspects of oxygen diffusion. Chapters 3, 24, 49 and 51 of this book are open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.