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The goals of the Development and Validation of an African American Adolescent Hope Scale study (Moore, 1998) were: (1) to initiate the development of a psychometrically-sound instrument to measure hope in African American adolescents; and (2) to test its relative convergence with observational ratings of hope. The purpose of this study was (1) the refinement of the AAAHS (full-scale) through four shortening phases, and (2) the analysis of unutilized adolescent demographic data. The study showed that African American adolescents became more hopeful as their social and economic conditions improved and that they were less hopeful as their social problems increased. The revised scaled (AAAHS-R) now free of all race-specific and oppressor-specific items may have utility as a predictive measure of adolescent dysfunctional behaviors.
Abstract: While there are several instruments that have been developed to measure hope in adults, adolescents, and children, little research has been done with culturally specific instruments in regards to the construct of hope. As hope is a construct whose definition appears to vary across cultures with different emphasis placed on such things as faith, individualism, and success, it follows that instruments to measure hope should be attuned to those cultural nuances. The African American Adolescent Hope Scale (AAAHS; Moore, 1998) was developed specifically to measure hope in African American adolescents. The instrument was designed with content that was thought to be specific to the culture, needs and environment of the African American adolescent. This study examined the factor structure and reliabilities of the AAAHS, the Hope Scale (Snyder, Harris, et al., 1991), a popular measure of the construct of hope, and the Cultural Mistrust Inventory (CMI; Terrell & Terrell, 1981), a measure of the presumably related construct of cultural mistrust. It was hypothesized that the AAAHS would show a significant positive correlation with the Hope Scale and would show a significant inverse correlation with the CMI. One hundred seventy-four African American college students completed an internet survey that included a revised version of the AAAHS, the Hope Scale, and the CMI. They were asked to answer questions regarding their beliefs, opinions, and attitudes about themselves, their culture, and African Americans. Principal components analysis yielded two-factor structures for the AAAHS and the Hope Scale, and a four-factor structure for the CMI. Full-scale and factor score internal consistency estimates demonstrated moderate to strong reliabilities for each measure. Consistent with hypothesized results, analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the AAAHS and the Hope Scale. A significant inverse relationship was found between the AAAHS and the CMI. Additional findings yielded no significant relationship between the Hope Scale and the CMI.
Hope has long been a topic of interest for psychologists, philosophers, educators, and physicians. In the past few decades, researchers from various disciplines and from around the world have studied how hope relates to superior academic performance, improved outcomes in the workplace, and improved psychological and physical health in individuals of all ages. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and the late Shane J. Lopez, The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides readers with a thorough and comprehensive update on the past 25 years of hope research while simultaneously providing an outline of what leading hope researchers believe the future of this line of research to be. In this extraordinary volume, Gallagher, Lopez, and their expert team of contributors discuss such topics as how best to define hope, how hope is distinguished from related philosophical and psychological constructs, what the current best practices are for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across a variety of settings, the impact it has on physical and mental health, and the ways in which hope promotes positive functioning. Throughout its pages, these experts review what is currently known about hope and identify the topics and questions that will help guide the next decade of research ahead.
Should African Americans be construed as a race or as an ethnic group? If African Americans are defined as an ethnic group, what role does culture play in their lives and how can we measure their culture? This groundbreaking volume argues that we should reject the concept of race and define African Americans as a cultural group. It presents the first scale ever devised for measuring acculturation among African Americans, along with powerful studies that empirically explore the role of culture and acculturation in African American behavior, health, and psychology. Among the authors' findings are how acculturation predicts symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, and physical problems, such as hypertension.
Developmental Cascades, Volume 64 in the Advances in Child Development and Behavior series, brings together papers that share a focus on cascading influences across domains and developmental time. The contributors are leading experts in the field of developmental science in areas such as perceptual development, language development, motor development, social development, cognitive development, academic achievement, media use, and children at risk for anxiety and depression. The papers highlight theoretical issues around processes that give rise to cascading effects of experiences in infancy, early childhood, and adolescence using a variety of methods and study designs. Together, the papers showcase the types of methods, designs, and analytic approaches that bring rigor to understanding cascades in development. This volume provides a state-of-the art collection that will appeal to researchers, clinicians, educators, policy makers, and students across disciplines relevant to the science and practice of child learning and development. - Focus on developmental cascades - World-renowned across developmental domains and periods - Coverage of state-of-the-art methods and analytic approaches to investigate developmental cascades
Sponsored by the Society of Pediatric Psychology, this handbook is recognized as the definitive reference in the field. In concise, peer-reviewed chapters, leading authorities comprehensively examine links between psychological and medical issues from infancy through adolescence. Psychosocial aspects of specific medical problems and developmental, emotional, and behavioral disorders are reviewed. The volume showcases evidence-based approaches to intervention and prevention. It describes innovative ways that professionals can promote positive health behaviors; help children and families cope with medical conditions and their treatment; and collaborate across disciplines to deliver effective clinical services in primary care, mental health, and school settings.
Hope has previously been a construct more of interest to philosophy and religion than in psychology. New research has shown, however, that hope is closely related to optimism, feelings of control, and motivation toward achieving one's goals. The Handbook of Hope presents a comprehensive overview of the psychological inquiry into hope, including its measurement, its development in children, how its loss is associated with specific clinical disorders, and therapeutic approaches that can help instill hope in those who have lost theirs. A final section discusses hope in occupational applications: how the use of hope can make one a better coach, teacher, or parent. - Defines hope as a construct and describes development of hope through the lifespan - Provides multiple instruments for measuring hope - Guides professionals in how to assess hope levels & implement hope as part of therapy - Relates hope to all portions of the population - Includes case studies, figures, and tables to aid understanding of research findings and concepts; discusses the importance of hope to relationships, achieving goals, and success at work
Sponsored by the Society of Pediatric Psychology, this authoritative work is recognized as the definitive reference in the field. In concise, peer-reviewed chapters, leading authorities comprehensively examine links between psychological and medical issues from infancy through adolescence. Psychosocial aspects of specific medical problems and developmental, emotional, and behavioral disorders are explored in depth. The volume discusses issues in training and service delivery and reviews evidence-based approaches to intervention and prevention. See also Clinical Practice of Pediatric Psychology, edited by Michael C. Roberts, Brandon S. Aylward, and Yelena P. Wu, which uses rich case material to illustrate intervention techniques.