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Several species of teleosts, including medaka (Oryzias latipes), have been studied with respect to neoplastic responses to known carcinogens. Little information, however, is available concerning the responses of the immune system to environmental chemicals in the medaka. We have initiated studies to characterize immune organs and function in medaka, with the goal of using the medaka as a predictive model of immnunotoxicity in vertebrates. Development of a teleost model for immunotoxicity is part of an integrated biological approach for assessment of the hazard resulting from exposure to complex chemical contaminants in the environment. Medaka immune organs essential for leukopoiesis/erythropoiesis as well as cell morphology were examined. Cells isolated from the anterior kidney, spleen and whole blood were characterized with respect to nonspecific esterase activity, myeloperoxidase activity and acid phosphatase activity. in vitro phagocytic cell function following in vitro activation was assessed in primary cultures of pronephros adherent cells. Data collected to date characterizing the endogenous bacterial flora of medaka cultured in our laboratory is also presented.
This book summarizes the latest understanding of the impact of xenobiotics on the developmental and reproductive processes of aquatic animals, particularly nektonic forms, which comprise an important group of aquatic ecosystems. Aquaculture is quickly becoming the largest contributor of fish protein for human consumption. As the aquaculture business expands, farmed fish will be exposed to more environmental toxins, necessitating the use of chemical therapeutic drugs for fish. This book brings together experts on the regulation of environmental toxins and food chemicals from around the world, as well as researchers looking into the metabolism and disposal of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) in fish species. The impact of xenobiotics on reproductive and developmental biology of all living forms has become of prime importance at the current time. As the effect of these xenobiotics on aquatic animals is an emerging area for research and development, several groups across the world are working on these aspects, targeting different groups of fishes in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. This collective work highlights several key and updated recent aspects of different types of xenobiotics entering aquatic ecosystems, impacts of these agents on reproductive physiology, developmental biology, breeding biology, hormonal imbalance, aquatic ecology, and pollution on the aquatic ecosystem. The unique aggregation of different types of stressors to aquatic animals under a single volume will be a useful reference for readers, including scientists, teachers, students, researchers and policymakers and those involved in aquaculture and environment conservation.
When looking for a book on fish toxicology, you might find one that discusses the biochemical and molecular aspects, or one that focuses aquatic toxicology in general. You can find resources that cover human and animal toxicology or ecotoxicology in general, but no up-to-date, comprehensive monograph devoted to the effects of chemical pollution on
The present work evaluates the toxic effects of some environmental stressors on fish eggs and larvae and describes the biomarker responses of fish from locations with varying levels of pollution. Development of the main groups of biomarkers is discussed. The book demonstrates general trends and specific peculiarities of biomarker induction in early
Aquaculture is rapidly becoming a major source of fish protein used to meet the nutritional needs of humans. As the aquaculture industry grows, exposure of farmed fish to environmental contaminants, and the need for chemical therapeutic agents for fish, will increase. This book is designed to bring together authorities worldwide on the regulation of environmental contaminants and food chemicals and researchers investigating the metabolism and disposition of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) in fish species.