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Abstract: A reference text for nutrition policymaker, and scholars highlights important policy issues concerning nutrition. The 9 text chapters, prepared by experts in their respective fields, discuss the interrelations of national and international nutrition with hunger, population, food costs, food production, food supply, and food policy. Specific topics include: the characteristics of human malnutrition; the impact of food availability and technological development on nutrition; export crop production policy and its effects; food price policies and nutrition in developing countries; optimizing the design of supplementary feeding programs; food aid in nutritional development; integrated programs addressing health, nutrition, and population considerations; India's nutritional status; and cultural influences on food and nutrition in Indonesia. (wz).
Abstract: In 2003, after over 20 years of minimal health insurance coverage in rural areas, China launched a heavily subsidized voluntary health insurance program for rural residents. The authors use program and household survey data, as well as health facility census data, to analyze factors affecting enrollment into the program and to estimate its impact on households and health facilities. They obtain estimates by combining differences-in-differences with matching methods. The authors find some evidence of lower enrollment rates among poor households, holding other factors constant, and higher enrollment rates among households with chronically sick members. The household and facility data point to the scheme significantly increasing both outpatient and inpatient utilization (by 20-30 percent), but they find no impact on utilization in the poorest decile. For the sample as a whole, the authors find no statistically significant effects on average out-of-pocket spending, but they do find some-albeit weak-evidence of increased catastrophic health spending. For the poorest decile, by contrast, they find that the scheme increased average out-of-pocket spending but reduced the incidence of catastrophic health spending. They find evidence that the program has increased ownership of expensive equipment among central township health centers but had no impact on cost per case.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Rapid structural transformation and urbanization are transforming agriculture and food production in rural areas across the world. This textbook provides a comprehensive review and assessment of the multi-faceted nature of agriculture and rural development, particularly in the developing world, where the greatest challenges occur. It is designed around five thematic parts: Agricultural Intensification and Technical Change; Political Economy of Agricultural Policies; Community and Rural Institutions; Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health; and Future Relevance of International Institutions. Each chapter presents a detailed but accessible review of the literature on the specific topic and discusses the frontiers in research and institutional changes needed as societies adapt to the transformation processes. All authors are eminent scholars with international reputations, who have been actively engaged in the contemporary debates around agricultural development and rural transformation.
Time and stress; Sources and types of stress; Biological responses to the stress environment; Behavioral responses to the stress environment.
Volume II of this two-volume set focuses on empirical work.
This book is an expose of the many food consumption-related problems which need to be considered alongside agricultural production issues in development. It examines factors that determine the degree to which people have access to food and can assimilate its nutrients.