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This regional study presents an overview of the socio-economic importance and ecological impact of the use of non-wood forest products (NWFP) in the Near East. The document consists of two main parts: i) presentation of background information on the programme activities and analysis of the available information on the regional level; and ii) presentation of data on NWFP on the national level (so-called "country profiles") for Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Ira, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
The current report was compiled by the FAO Regional Office for Near East and North Africa (NENA) and is aimed at providing member countries with a source of reliable and timely data on the status of forest resources in the region and supporting them in their evidence-based decision-making and planning for the development of the forestry sector. Most of the NENA region falls within the subtropical climatic domain, but it spans an area that ranges from a tropical climatic domain in Mauritania, the Sudan and Yemen to a temperate domain in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Forests cover thirty-one percent of the world’s land surface, provide habitats for animals, livelihoods for humans, and generate household income in rural areas of developing countries. They also supply other essential amenities, for instance, they filter water, control water runoff, protect soil erosion, regulate climate, store nutrients, and facilitate countless non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The main NTFPs comprise herbs, grasses, climbers, shrubs, and trees used for food, fodder, fuel, beverages, medicine, animals, birds and fish for food, fur, and feathers, as well as their products, like honey, lac, silk, and paper. At present, these products play an important role in the daily life and well-being of millions of people worldwide. Hence the forest and its products are very valuable and often NTFPs are considered as the ‘potential pillars of sustainable forestry’. NTFPs items like food, herbal drugs, forage, fuel-wood, fountain, fibre, bamboo, rattans, leaves, barks, resins, and gums have been continuously used and exploited by humans. Wild edible foods are rich in terms of vitamins, protein, fat, sugars, and minerals. Additionally, some NTFPs are used as important raw materials for pharmaceutical industries. Numerous industry-based NTFPs are now being exported in considerable quantities by developing countries. Accordingly, this sector facilitates employment opportunities in remote rural areas. So, these developments also highlight the role of NTFPs in poverty alleviation in different regions of the world. This book provides a wide spectrum of information on NTFPs, including important references. We hope that the compendium of chapters in this book will be very useful as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate students and researchers in various disciplines of forestry, botany, medical botany, economic botany, ecology, agroforestry, and biology. Additionally, this book should be useful for scientists, experts, and consultants associated with the forestry sector.
Non-wood forest products comprise a wide range of forest goods, providing traditional sources of food, fodder, fertilizer, fibre, medicine, organic construction materials and cultural products, as well as raw industrial materials, making valuable socio-economic, cultural and ecological contributions. This booklet describes how such products are used to meet basic subsistence needs, and the role they can play in income generation through local, regional and international trade. [The main target audience for the FAO Diversification booklets are people and organizations that provide advisory, business and technical support to small-scale farmers and local communities in low and middle-income countries, as well as policy makers and programme managers. They are not intended to be technical "how to do it "guidelines; however each booklet identifies additional sources of information, technical support and websites.]