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Transportation emissions constitute a significant portion of overall emissions inventories, and contribute to air quality health concerns. Reductions in transportation emissions can be achieved through efficient design of infrastructure, effective policy and regulation, and informed planning decisions. However, current transportation emissions models cannot accomplish all of these goals efficiently, and as a result such reduction opportunities are missed. This work presents a transportation micro-simulation tool that resolves emissions at the link level and efficiently models the effects of traffic congestion, traffic shifting, and mode shifting. This tool can be used for iterative design studies using conventional computing hardware. The model is described in detail, and a confidence assessment tests the model credibility. Several application studies illustrate the usefulness of the approach, and a comparison to an interaction-based micro-simulation demonstrates the efficiency and limitations of the approach.
With ever increasing trends in urban consumption and production practices, a call for action to mitigate Climate Change is often seen as a way to foster sustainable development. Considerable attention is now being paid to determine what urban sustainability would include. Today there is a pressing need to broaden our knowledge and apply new concepts and frameworks to development of modern cities. Building on the foregoing, this book attempts to bring together and discuss concepts, tools, frameworks and best practices to cope with the emerging challenges faced by cities today. The book will be of use to policy makers, city planners, practitioners and academics who are starting to project what modern cities would need to do in terms of energy efficiency, mobility, planning and design of habitat and infrastructure and adapting to climate change.
Papers presented at the 2018 International Conference on High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials are contained in this volume. These papers address issues involving advanced types of structures, particularly those based on new concepts or new materials and their system design. The use of novel materials and new structural concepts nowadays is not restricted to highly technical areas like aerospace, aeronautical applications or the automotive industry, but affects all engineering fields including those such as civil engineering and architecture. Most high performance structures require the development of a generation of new materials, which can more easily resist a range of external stimuli or react in a non-conventional manner. Particular emphasis is placed on intelligent structures and materials as well as the application of computational methods for their modelling, control and management. Optimisation problems discussed in this book involve those related to size, shape and topology of structures and materials. Optimisation techniques have much to offer to those involved in the design of new industrial products. The development of new algorithms and the appearance of powerful commercial computer codes with easy to use graphical interfaces has created a fertile field for the incorporation of optimisation in the design process in all engineering disciplines. The latest developments in design, optimisation, manufacturing and experimentation are highlighted in this book.
The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status. The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations. The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core. The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis. Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references. We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.
This collection contains 138 papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technology in Transportation, held in Chicago, Illinois, August 13-15, 2006.
To address transportation externalities (e. g. , congestion, accidents, pollution, depletion of energy resources), the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems, and its latest evolution known as the Connected Vehicles (CV) initiative, has been recently proposed. CVs utilize cyber technologies for sensing, communications and networking, to enable unprecedented levels of connectivity among vehicles, infrastructure and travelers. Besides connectivity, future transportation systems (hereby referred to as Cyber Transportation Systems or CTS) will exhibit high levels of automation that will eventually result in partial and fully autonomous vehicle control. While CTS provide tremendous opportunities for all transportation stakeholders to rethink and redefine how the transportation system works, there is currently an urgent need for next generation modeling platforms to address the design, testing and evaluation of CTS applications. Motivated by such a need, Motivated by such a need, this dissertation was dedicated to the development of three simulation frameworks, including a large-scale agent-based modeling (ABM) traffic simulator, an integrated traffic-emission simulator, and an integrated traffic-driving-network simulator (ITDNS) . Specifically, the large-scale ABM traffic study focuses on modeling a middle-size metropolitan region network from an agent-based perspective. Each individual travel agent has attributes such as its trip origin, destination, travel mode, route choice, driving pattern and so forth. Built upon that, the second phase of that study aimed at capturing riving behavior under inclement weather conditions (specifically snow) and reproducing such an impact in the simulation world. A freeway incident scenario was then considered in order to evaluate the performance of the CTS solution (i.e., the provision of real-time travel and dynamic route guidance information). The evaluations were also escalated to the compounded effect of a freeway incident and inclement weather. Secondly, the integrated traffic and emission model addresses the critical need to conduct project-level emissions analysis. To that end, the dissertation evaluates the performance of different approaches to integrating the emission model MOVES, recently developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and traffic simulators. Generally, the second-by-second vehicle trajectory output from the traffic simulator could, in principal, be used to define the link drive schedule required to run the project-level MOVES analysis. However, the challenge is that the MOVES model required defining a representative vehicle trajectory for each link, because tracking the emissions for individual vehicles was computationally intractable. The accuracy of two aggregation and one sampling methods are evaluated for both freeway links as well as arterial links, and for both Cellular Automata based traffic micro-simulators and for car-following models. The dissertation also carries out the first attempt to integrating traffic, driving, and communications network simulator, resulting in a unique simulation platform, ITDNS, supporting the design and evaluation of novel CTS and CV solutions. The unique feature which distinguishes ITDNS from other similar models is its ability to address the human factor issue in the design and testing process of CV applications. The study first presents the three major components individually, i.e. the traffic, driving and network simulator and discusses the challenges of integrating these three different types of simulators and how they were addressed. As the demonstration of the simulator capability and advantage of having "human-in-the-loop", an eco-signal case study is conducted. The concept works as follows: the signal timing information is broadcasted to the approaching connected vehicle, so that the intelligent unit in the vehicle could plan the speed to mitigate the excessive acceleration and hard-braking. Other than the intuitive safety benefits, the fuel consumption and emission savings is also observed.
The increasing power of computer technologies, the evolution of software en- neering and the advent of the intelligent transport systems has prompted traf c simulation to become one of the most used approaches for traf c analysis in s- port of the design and evaluation of traf c systems. The ability of traf c simulation to emulate the time variability of traf c phenomena makes it a unique tool for capturing the complexity of traf c systems. In recent years, traf c simulation – and namely microscopic traf c simulation – has moved from the academic to the professional world. A wide variety of traf- c simulation software is currently available on the market and it is utilized by thousands of users, consultants, researchers and public agencies. Microscopic traf c simulation based on the emulation of traf c ows from the dynamics of individual vehicles is becoming one the most attractive approaches. However, traf c simulation still lacks a uni ed treatment. Dozens of papers on theory and applications are published in scienti c journals every year. A search of simulation-related papers and workshops through the proceedings of the last annual TRB meetings would support this assertion, as would a review of the minutes from speci cally dedicated meetings such as the International Symposiums on Traf c Simulation (Yokohama, 2002; Lausanne, 2006; Brisbane, 2008) or the International Workshops on Traf c Modeling and Simulation (Tucson, 2001; Barcelona, 2003; Sedona, 2005; Graz 2008). Yet, the only comprehensive treatment of the subject to be found so far is in the user’s manuals of various software products.
The ten-volume set LNCS 12949 – 12958 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2021, which was held in Cagliari, Italy, during September 13 – 16, 2021. The event was organized in a hybrid mode due to the Covid-19 pandemic.The 466 full and 18 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 1588 submissions. The books cover such topics as multicore architectures, computational astrochemistry, mobile and wireless security, sensor networks, open source software, collaborative and social computing systems and tools, computational geometry, applied mathematics human computer interaction, software design engineering, and others. Part V of the set includes the the proceedings on the following workshops: International Workshop on Computational Geometry and Applications (CGA 2021); International Workshop on Collaborative Intelligence in Multimodal Applications (CIMA 2021); International Workshop on Computational Science and HPC (CSHPC 2021); International Workshop on Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2021); International Workshop on Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2021); International Workshop on Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2021); International Workshop on Advanced Modeling E-Mobility in Urban Spaces (DEMOS 2021).The chapters "On Local Convergence of Stochastic Global Optimization Algorithms" and "Computing Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules by Semiempirical Quantum Methods: Comparison between DFT and GFN2 on Crystalline Ice" are published open access under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).
This book presents many valuable tips for making decisions related to traffic flow in transport networks. The knowledge base in practical examples, as well as the decision support systems described in this book, finds interest among people who face the daily challenge of searching for advanced solutions and practical applications in road traffic engineering. The publication is therefore addressed to local authorities related to the planning and development of development strategies for selected areas with regard to transport (both in the urban and regional dimension) and to representatives of business and industry, as people directly involved in the implementation of traffic engineering solutions. The publication contains selected papers submitted to and presented at the 18th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference organized by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology. The conference took place on September 19-20, 2022, in Katowice (Poland).