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Developing Performance Support for Computer Systems: A Strategy for Maximizing Usability and Learnability provides detailed planning, design, and development guidance for generating performance support for new or upgraded computer systems. Performance support includes documentation, online help, coaches and wizards, training, and other materials necessary to enable users to perform their jobs more efficiently and effectively. This volume offers a strategy for maximizing ease-of-use and ease-of-learning through an integrated performance support systems approach. The text provides how-to guidance throughout that developers can apply directly to the design of their performance support tools and products. Rather than cover a few specific topic areas, it examines the entire spectrum of performance support. The book explains how to match performance support methods to task requirements, gives an overview of important user characteristics, and provides general guidance for presentation, layout, formatting, media selection, the use of color and icons, and accessibility. Evaluation checklists are included in the appendices and are also available online. Although this book primarily addresses the development of performance support for large software systems, the principles and approaches are valuable for any systems development environment.
An EPSS is a software context that integrates the support needed to perform a job task--information, software, and expert advice--with the actual job task or tasks. EPSS's provide this support at the appropriate time and in the most appropriate format--ED4 (EPSS Define, Design, Develop, and Deliver). This book describes ED4 and the process that the instructional designers and software engineers used to create the Learning Services Workbench.
The Complete Guide to Optimizing Systems Performance Written by the winner of the 2013 LISA Award for Outstanding Achievement in System Administration Large-scale enterprise, cloud, and virtualized computing systems have introduced serious performance challenges. Now, internationally renowned performance expert Brendan Gregg has brought together proven methodologies, tools, and metrics for analyzing and tuning even the most complex environments. Systems Performance: Enterprise and the Cloud focuses on Linux(R) and Unix(R) performance, while illuminating performance issues that are relevant to all operating systems. You'll gain deep insight into how systems work and perform, and learn methodologies for analyzing and improving system and application performance. Gregg presents examples from bare-metal systems and virtualized cloud tenants running Linux-based Ubuntu(R), Fedora(R), CentOS, and the illumos-based Joyent(R) SmartOS(TM) and OmniTI OmniOS(R). He systematically covers modern systems performance, including the "traditional" analysis of CPUs, memory, disks, and networks, and new areas including cloud computing and dynamic tracing. This book also helps you identify and fix the "unknown unknowns" of complex performance: bottlenecks that emerge from elements and interactions you were not aware of. The text concludes with a detailed case study, showing how a real cloud customer issue was analyzed from start to finish. Coverage includes - Modern performance analysis and tuning: terminology, concepts, models, methods, and techniques - Dynamic tracing techniques and tools, including examples of DTrace, SystemTap, and perf - Kernel internals: uncovering what the OS is doing - Using system observability tools, interfaces, and frameworks - Understanding and monitoring application performance - Optimizing CPUs: processors, cores, hardware threads, caches, interconnects, and kernel scheduling - Memory optimization: virtual memory, paging, swapping, memory architectures, busses, address spaces, and allocators - File system I/O, including caching - Storage devices/controllers, disk I/O workloads, RAID, and kernel I/O - Network-related performance issues: protocols, sockets, interfaces, and physical connections - Performance implications of OS and hardware-based virtualization, and new issues encountered with cloud computing - Benchmarking: getting accurate results and avoiding common mistakes This guide is indispensable for anyone who operates enterprise or cloud environments: system, network, database, and web admins; developers; and other professionals. For students and others new to optimization, it also provides exercises reflecting Gregg's extensive instructional experience.
Performance support is a rapidly growing discipline of enabling human performance on the job. It helps people to do their jobs and to develop competence through the normal course of doing work, rather than through off-job training or extensive reading. Ultimately, it supports the performance of a business, through enabling the performance of individual workers. It has demonstrated dramatically improved performance by many types of workers and their businesses. This book summarizes many ways of incorporating techniques of performance support in the workplace, systems, and processes of organizations. Some of the ways are simple, some more complex. The author's hope is that you might adopt even one or two of these methods, and that doing so will save money for you and your organization, and that doing so will enable you to make a profound impact on the business of your organization and that of your customers. Nearly all companies have the difficulty that it takes too long and costs too much to develop competence in their employees. Modern computer systems change so frequently, and applications and work environments are so poorly designed, that there is constant retraining going on. Work processes change to keep up with competitive pressures. Classroom training nearly always misses the mark by being late or ineffective in transferring skills back to the job. The fact that people need to be trained to use products in the first place is the essence of the problem. This book addresses that problem by means of various methods of performance support. Further, it presents a structure for developing "performance support solutions," which allow a phased introduction of performance-enabling features in products over time, to accommodate customers' varying budget and infrastructure levels. The value proposition for performance support is that for relatively modest investment, a high return can be realized for the cost of product ownership and support. This investment can be as little as zero (by incorporating performance-centered design methods into a product development process) and as much as ten person-years or more (for a high-end integrated performance support and knowledge management system). A Performance Support Solution strategy can allocate the investment to a rollout of PS features over time. Endorsements Bill Bezanson practices what he preaches with Performance Support Solutions. This book is a comprehensive, pragmatic, and precise treatment of the field of Performance Support. It covers all aspects of the field and, in keeping with Bill's advocacy for "obvious products," the book is itself an obvious product. Every Performance Technologist, whether a novice or an expert, will benefit from keeping this book in close proximity. Especially relevant is his compilation of "N ways to implement performance support solutions," which facilitates incremental design of solutions, thus appealing to diverse development budgets or customer infrastructure readiness. In developing such an all-encompassing piece of work, Bill clearly demonstrates his assertion that "Performance Support work is more than a job: it is a calling," and those of us in the field should be happy that he feels that way! He has made our jobs a lot easier by providing us with an up-to-date, insightful review of the leading-edge thinking in our field. Dr. Tony O'Driscoll Author of Achieving Desired Business Performance, and Researcher with IBM's Institute for Advanced Learning, Raleigh, North Carolina. Bezanson's authoritative, yet very readable work gives every organisation a motive for introducing, implementing, or improving their performance support solutions. It is well researched, full of great yet simple and implementable ideas, examples, and models, and while it satisfies the stringent academic criteria making it a useful reference and teaching aid, its real value lies in its gr
This book addresses the question of how system software should be designed to account for faults, and which fault tolerance features it should provide for highest reliability. With this second edition of Software Design for Resilient Computer Systems the book is thoroughly updated to contain the newest advice regarding software resilience. With additional chapters on computer system performance and system resilience, as well as online resources, the new edition is ideal for researchers and industry professionals. The authors first show how the system software interacts with the hardware to tolerate faults. They analyze and further develop the theory of fault tolerance to understand the different ways to increase the reliability of a system, with special attention on the role of system software in this process. They further develop the general algorithm of fault tolerance (GAFT) with its three main processes: hardware checking, preparation for recovery, and the recovery procedure. For each of the three processes, they analyze the requirements and properties theoretically and give possible implementation scenarios and system software support required. Based on the theoretical results, the authors derive an Oberon-based programming language with direct support of the three processes of GAFT. In the last part of this book, they introduce a simulator, using it as a proof of concept implementation of a novel fault tolerant processor architecture (ERRIC) and its newly developed runtime system feature-wise and performance-wise. Due to the wide reaching nature of the content, this book applies to a host of industries and research areas, including military, aviation, intensive health care, industrial control, and space exploration.
Computer systems based on the notion of the computer as assistant have recently become the focus of intense interest. The expanding role of the computer in everyday life and the growing number of untrained users make it necessary to think about new ways of dividing labor between humans and machines. Future systems must take on more tasks and perform them more competently and autonomously than existing systems. If they are to be adequately flexible and responsive to complexity, they cannot automate their performance completely. The aim of designers should be to create computer systems with capabilities similar to those of good assistants in the real world. Effective assistance has many characteristics. An assistant is expected to be competent in some domains of expertise, to know the limits of his/her knowledge, to be able to process inexact instructions from clients, to adjust to and learn from them, to explain his/her behavior and suggestions, and to support clients in communication and cooperation with other people. This book believes that such capabilities can be built into computer systems. To that end, the chapter contributors discuss the concepts and methods--particularly from the fields of artificial intelligence and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW)--that they have drawn from to develop successful system prototypes. They present several of these prototypes including assistants for graphics design, knowledge discovery in data bases, coordination support, organizational memory, user interface design, and knowledge base construction. As such, this volume helps map out the future for all those involved in computer systems design.
The life cycle support of the ever increasing number of computer systems embedded in weapon systems is a major challenge to the Air Force. With continued operational and support emphasis on performance and responsiveness to a dynamic mission environment, significant enhancement of support capabilities for all categories of embedded computer systems, (ECS) is required. This report contains recommendations for acquiring such capabilities. Concurrent implementation of the administrative initiatives combined with the four programmatic initiatives is recommended to address ECS life cycle support. Early implementation of the administrative initiatives is needed not only to correct deficiencies in the acquisition and operation of ECS support systems in the near term, but to establish a clear framework of policy and guidance for AFLC interactions and coordination with the development and user commands; early implementation is also required to enable the subsequent actions necessary for enhancing existing capabilities and acquiring new capabilities to improve the ECS support process through implementation of the programmatic initiatives. The recommendations for each initiative related to the ECS support process, with anticipated benefits, estimated resources, and the development period required for improving the overall future ECS support posture, are summarized.