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The response of an axisymmetric toroidal tokamak plasma to first-order particle and momentum sources is investigated. The momentum sources drive coupled poloidal and toroidal mass flows and electrostatic field evolution which relax to asymptotic values on a time scale that is characteristic of the dominant viscous or external drag mechanism. The asymptotic steady-state momentum balance provides the necessary condition to completely determine the particle fluxes and currents in the flux surfaces, and, hence, to determine transport fluxes across flux surfaces. Transport fluxes are driven across flux surfaces both by interspecies collisional momentum exchange, the usual case, and by momentum exchange between the plasma and external sources and/or drags. A generalized Ohm's law is obtained and used to determine the manner in which particle and momentum sources can drive parallel currents and can alter the evolution of the q-profile. The theory is formulated for arbitrary plasma cross sections, beta, and collision regimes.
This book provides a comprehensive look at the state of the art of externally driven and self-generated rotation as well as momentum transport in tokamak plasmas. In addition to recent developments, the book includes a review of rotation measurement techniques, measurements of directly and indirectly driven rotation, momentum sinks, self-generated flow, and momentum transport. These results are presented alongside summaries of prevailing theory and are compared to predictions, bringing together both experimental and theoretical perspectives for a broad look at the field. Both researchers and graduate students in the field of plasma physics will find this book to be a useful reference. Although there is an emphasis on tokamaks, a number of the concepts are also relevant to other configurations.
A recently developed generalization of neoclassical theory is extended here to study heat flux contributions to impurity transport, as well as the heat fluxes themselves. The theory accounts for the first four source moments, with external drags, which has been studied previously with either fewer moments or restricted to a collisional plasma. Conditions are established for which a momentum source may be used to modify the particle and heat transport. In the course of this work, the particle and heat transport is evaluated for a two species plasma with arbitrary plasma geometry, beta, and collisionality.
This is a graduate textbook on tokamak physics, designed to provide a basic introduction to plasma equilibrium, particle orbits, transport, and those ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic instabilities which dominate the behavior of a tokamak discharge, and to develop the mathematical methods necessary for their theoretical analysis.
Studies of local multispecies thermal particle and energy transport in L-mode and supershot deuterium plasmas have been performed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). These studies were undertaken to help gain insight into the anomalous transport properties of the bulk plasma. Such experimental and theoretical studies are valuable for ITER: the relationship of local helium ash and metallic particle transport to local energy transport will be determining factors in plasma current, helium pumping, and divertor material requirements. In addition, differences between electron and ion transport will have important implications for plasma fueling scenarios. Here, attention has been focused on supershots and L-Modes of the same toroidal field, plasma current, neutral beam heating power.
The magnetic confinement in tokamaks is for now the most advanced way towards energy production by nuclear fusion. Both theoretical and experimental studies showed that rotation generation can increase its performance by reducing the turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas. The rotation influence on the heat and particle fluxes is studied along with the angular momentum transport with the quasi-linear gyro-kinetic eigenvalue code QuaLiKiz. For this purpose, the QuaLiKiz code is modified in order to take the plasma rotation into account and compute the angular momentum flux. It is shown that QuaLiKiz framework is able to correctly predict the angular momentum flux including the ExB shear induced residual stress as well as the influence of rotation on the heat and particle fluxes. The different contributions to the turbulent momentum flux are studied and successfully compared against both non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations and experimental data.