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Explains the broad range of financial instruments government policymakers can use to avoid commodity price risks caused by fluctuating prices. This hands-on book describes management techniques countries can use to avoid the financial risk that occurs when commodity prices fluctuate dramatically. It illustrates each technique in detail with practical case studies of Colombia, Costa Rica, Hungary, Papua New Guinea, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Venezuela. These financial techniques include short-term instruments and newer methods that let governments evade price risks over longer periods and raise finances that are linked to commodity prices. The new techniques include commodity loans, bonds, swaps, futures, forwards, and options. Policymakers receive clear information about how these financial instruments can manage price risk, provide access to external finance, and lower a country's credit risk. The workbook shows how risk instruments work within traditional stabilization schemes and explains which of the techniques protect against external risk. It also identifies the institutional changes and education requirements governments must meet to use the instruments effectively. This book advances the more theoretical work on the new, longer-term instruments that appears in Commodity Risk Management and Finance, published by the World Bank and Oxford University Press. Published for the World Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Analysis provides essential insights into the evaluative techniques necessary for creating appropriate and effective policies and programs to address these worldwide issues. Food scientists and nutritionists will use this important information, presented in a conceptual framework and through case studies for exploring representative problems, identifying and implementing appropriate methods of measurement and analysis, understanding examples of policy applications, and gaining valuable insight into the multidisciplinary requirements of successful implementation.This book provides core information in a format that provides not only the concept behind the method, but real-world applications giving the reader valuable, practical knowledge.* Identify proper analysis method, apply to available data, develop appropriate policy* Demonstrates analytical techniques using real-world scenario application to illustrate approaches for accurate evaluation improving understanding of practical application development* Tests reader comprehension of the statistical and analytical understanding vital to the creation of solutions for food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty-related nutrition issues using hands-on exercises
Living Standards Measurement Study No. 107. Lost investment opportunities for society and the inefficient provision of public schooling are just some of the reasons why developing countries are concerned with low school completion rates. This study investigates the underlying causes of school attrition, paying particular attention to how school quality affects dropout rates. The central finding is that children are strongly influenced in their schooling decisions by the quality of their prospective school. The authors suggest that altering the character of the schools may prove an effective method of keeping students in school. The study will benefit education policymakers who need fundamental data on determinants of school leaving.
Living Standards Measurement Survey Working Paper No. 130.This document presents a set of Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) questionnaires that have been developed for use in the Russian-speaking countries of the former Soviet Union. The questionnaires are available in English and Russian, as well as in an electronic format. The document describes in detail how to modify the questionnaires for use in any specific country. The author guides the questionnaire writer through the modification process, illustrating the important aspects of LSMS surveys, the translation and field-testing procedures, and a section-by-section description of the types of modification that are likely to be required to suit particular goals and circumstances.Also available in Russian : (ISBN 0-8213-3935-4) / Stock No. 13935
Living Standards Measurement Study No. 107. Lost investment opportunities for society and the inefficient provision of public schooling are just some of the reasons why developing countries are concerned with low school completion rates. This study
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 356. The World Bank has become the world's largest lender in the health, nutrition, and population (HNP) sectors, requiring the institution to seek ever greater evidence that its work is effective on the ground. This paper reviews the literature on the causes of observed changes in health and fertility levels, on the evaluation of policies, and on programs designed to accelerate these changes. It presents a framework that delineates the relationships between Bank activities in the HNP sectors, the characteristics of a health care system, household behavior, and changes in health outcomes. The paper also describes a strategy for assessing the development effectiveness of the Bank's work in these sectors. The underlying thesis is that changes in health policy and improved outcomes depend on the the demand for health services and on institutional incentives that drive health care system performance.
In September 2001, staff from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund met with the objective of strengthening collaboration between the two organizations in projects of civil service reform. This strengthened collaboration will have key benefits in ensuring consistency between the conflicting goals of the two organizations, establishing realistic objectives within the reform process, and maintaining a core set of wage and employment data. The principal conclusion arrived at was that World Bank and IMF staff should be engaging in collaboration earlier in the reform process. To guide the collaboration, six foundations were identified. These include: develop a medium-term fiscal framework; foster national ownership by making reforms politically feasible; focus and streamline conditionality; agree on sequencing and timing of reforms; and strengthen data collection. These principals will be tested for effectiveness in several focus countries.
Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 111. This study looks at the socioeconomic background of individual women and draws a correlation between them and the characteristics of their nearest source of family planning. The study assesses the importance of the socioeconomic background and the availability, price, and quality of services on contraceptive use and fertility. In 1969, Ghana was among the first Sub-Saharan African countries to adopt a population policy. Today, the average distance to a source of family planning is still about three miles. Population and fertility growth rates are high, and contraceptive use is low. The results suggest that raising levels of female schooling will also raise contraceptive use and lower female fertility, particularly in rural areas. However, the distances between facilities and related service centers remain a binding constraint on contraceptive use among those in the sample. The study also found no consistent effect on the demand for contraception or on fertility when measuring the quality of services.
A poverty line helps focus the attention of governments and civil society on the living conditions of the poor. This paper offers a critical overview of alternative approaches to setting poverty lines. In reviewing the methods found in practice, the paper tries to throw light on, and go some way toward resolving, ongoing debates about poverty measurement, emphasizing those debates which would appear to have greatest bearing on policy discussions.
How do Vietnamese households live and work? This book answers many of the most important questions, including: Who uses contraceptives? Which children get the most health care? Who are the poor, and why are they poor? Which families migrate? Why do so many rural workers change jobs? Where do households get credit? What drives rice production? The result of a unique collaboration between Vietnamese and international social scientists, the fourteen concise chapters paint a fascinating picture of household health and wealth. All are based on the Vietnam Living Standards Survey, the most accurate and complete source of data available. The use of statistical techniques in every chapter gives the book added coherence while providing depth and clarity to the analysis. A must for anyone with a serious interest in Vietnam, this highly readable book is also designed to serve as a reference work.