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Multi-item surveys are frequently used to study scores on latent factors, like human values, attitudes and behavior. Such studies often include a comparison, between specific groups of individuals, either at one or multiple points in time. If such latent factor means are to be meaningfully compared, the measurement structures including the latent factor and their survey items should be stable across groups and/or over time, that is ‘invariant’. Recent developments in statistics have provided new analytical tools for assessing measurement invariance (MI). The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum for a discussion of MI, covering some crucial ‘themes’: (1) ways to assess and deal with measurement non-invariance; (2) Bayesian and IRT methods employing the concept of approximate measurement invariance; and (3) new or adjusted approaches for testing MI to fit increasingly complex statistical models and specific characteristics of survey data. The special issue started with a kick-off meeting where all potential contributors shared ideas on potential papers. This expert workshop was organized at Utrecht University in The Netherlands and was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-VENI-451-11-008). After the kick-off meeting the authors submitted their papers, all of which were reviewed by experts in the field. The papers in the eBook are listed in alphabetical order, but in the editorial the papers are introduced thematically. Although it is impossible to cover all areas of relevant research in the field of MI, papers in this eBook provide insight on important aspects of measurement invariance. We hope that the discussions included in this special issue will stimulate further research on MI and facilitate further discussions to support the understanding of the role of MI in multi-item surveys.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is becoming the central and one of the most popular analytical tools in the social sciences. Many classical and modern statistical techniques such as regression analysis, path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and models with both measurement and structural components have been shown to fall under the umbrella of SEM. Thus, the flexibility of SEM makes it applicable to many research designs, including experimental and non-experimental data, cross-sectional and longitudinal data, and multiple-group and multilevel data. In this eBook, you will find 19 cutting-edge papers from the Research Topic: Recent Advancements in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). These 19 papers cover a wide variety of topics related to SEM, including: (a) analysis of different types of data (from cross-sectional data with floor effects to complex survey data and longitudinal data); (b) measurement-related issues (from the development of new scale to the evaluation of person fit and new ways to test measurement invariance); and (c) technical advancement and software development. We hope that the readers will gain new perspectives and be able to apply some of the new techniques and models discussed in these 19 papers.
"This accessible volume presents both the mechanics of structural equation modeling (SEM) and specific SEM strategies and applications. The editor, along with an international group of contributors, and editorial advisory board are leading methodologists who have organized the book to move from simpler material to more statistically complex modeling approaches. Sections cover the foundations of SEM; statistical underpinnings, from assumptions to model modifications; steps in implementation, from data preparation through writing the SEM report; and basic and advanced applications, including new and emerging topics in SEM. Each chapter provides conceptually oriented descriptions, fully explicated analyses, and engaging examples that reveal modeling possibilities for use with readers' data. Many of the chapters also include access to data and syntax files at the companion website, allowing readers to try their hands at reproducing the authors' results"--
Intended to bridge the gap between the latest methodological developments and cross-cultural research, this interdisciplinary resource presents the latest strategies for analyzing cross-cultural data. Techniques are demonstrated through the use of applications that employ cross-national data sets such as the latest European Social Survey. With an emphasis on the generalized latent variable approach, internationally prominent researchers from a variety of fields explain how the methods work, how to apply them, and how they relate to other methods presented in the book. Syntax and graphical and verbal explanations of the techniques are included. Online resources, available at www.routledge.com/9781138690271, include some of the data sets and syntax commands used in the book. Applications from the behavioral and social sciences that use real data-sets demonstrate: The use of samples from 17 countries to validate the resistance to change scale across these nations How to test the cross-national invariance properties of social trust The interplay between social structure, religiosity, values, and social attitudes A comparison of anti-immigrant attitudes and patterns of religious orientations across European countries. The second edition includes six new chapters and two revised ones presenting exciting developments in the literature of cross-cultural analysis including topics such as approximate measurement invariance, alignment optimization, sensitivity analyses, a mixed-methods approach to test for measurement invariance, and a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to explain noninvariance. This book is intended for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested in cross-cultural research. Because the applications span a variety of disciplines, the book will appeal to researchers and students in: psychology, political science, sociology, education, marketing and economics, geography, criminology, psychometrics, epidemiology, and public health, as well as those interested in methodology. It is also appropriate for an advanced methods course in cross-cultural analysis.
Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling is a comprehensive resource that reviews structural equation modeling (SEM) strategies for longitudinal data to help readers determine which modeling options are available for which hypotheses. This accessibly written book explores a range of models, from basic to sophisticated, including the statistical and conceptual underpinnings that are the building blocks of the analyses. By exploring connections between models, it demonstrates how SEM is related to other longitudinal data techniques and shows when to choose one analysis over another. Newsom emphasizes concepts and practical guidance for applied research rather than focusing on mathematical proofs, and new terms are highlighted and defined in the glossary. Figures are included for every model along with detailed discussions of model specification and implementation issues and each chapter also includes examples of each model type, descriptions of model extensions, comment sections that provide practical guidance, and recommended readings. Expanded with new and updated material, this edition includes many recent developments, a new chapter on growth mixture modeling, and new examples. Ideal for graduate courses on longitudinal (data) analysis, advanced SEM, longitudinal SEM, and/or advanced data (quantitative) analysis taught in the behavioral, social, and health sciences, this new edition will continue to appeal to researchers in these fields.
Drawing on the work of 75 internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Three-Volume Set presents all major item response models, classical and modern statistical tools used in item response theory (IRT), and major areas of applications of IRT in educational and psychological testing, medical diagnosis of patient-reported outcomes, and marketing research. It also covers CRAN packages, WinBUGS, Bilog MG, Multilog, Parscale, IRTPRO, Mplus, GLLAMM, Latent Gold, and numerous other software tools. A full update of editor Wim J. van der Linden and Ronald K. Hambleton’s classic Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory, this handbook has been expanded from 28 chapters to 85 chapters in three volumes. The three volumes are thoroughly edited and cross-referenced, with uniform notation, format, and pedagogical principles across all chapters. Each chapter is self-contained and deals with the latest developments in IRT.
The presented journal article formatted dissertation investigated the performance of two models for hierarchical-structured item response data (i.e., Kamata's MLIRT model, and Multiple Regression IRT model) and discussed an application of the multilevel IRT modeling, i.e., a longitudinal multilevel logistic regression model for DIF analyses. Study I compared the estimates of abilities and IRT difficulty parameters of the two models for multilevel-structured IRT data. Bias and RMSE were compared under 8 conditions (2 test lengths, 4 intraclass correlation coefficients, i.e., ICC). Study II sought to learn the causes of DIF, specifically investigating if DIF arises through higher-level clusters, such as different schools, and longitudinal sources, such as multiple time points of test (e.g., beginning v.s. end of year). The accuracies of DIF detection at each level were evaluated under 48 conditions (2 test lengths, 2 percentages of DIF items at school-level, 2 percentages of DIF items of time-level, 3 sample sizes, 2 magnitude of DIF) by power and Type I error rate. Findings of Study I provided guidelines for model selection between MLIRT and MR-IRT model. Results indicated more accurate estimates of school abilities but less accurate estimates of student abilities with MLIRT model. MR-IRT was found more appropriate to use when sample size was small. For both the MLIRT and MR-IRT models, the longer test length resulted in more accurate estimates. ICC played an important role in estimating the school variances of abilities. Study II examined the power and Type I error of DIF detection with the proposed model. Results showed an overall powerful DIF detection. Type I error rates at each level roughly fell into the liberal range of Bradley (1978), 0.025 to 0.075. Consistent with previous study, the magnitude of DIF at each level and the sample was found to be the most important factors for a powerful DIF detection. In general, the time-level detection had higher power than the school-level. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155505