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In hazardous liquids and gas control rooms, controllers rely on their Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Human Machine Interface (HMI) as their main tool. The SCADA HMI is their window into the system. Every extra second that a controller has to spend trying to decipher a confusing message, sift through a cluttered screen, or integrate data into information, translates into time lost and frustration increased. A "Highly Effective" HMI is one where planning and design goes above and beyond recommended practices to maximize controller awareness and minimize errors. Controllers are the target user group for the SCADA HMI and it must it be designed around their needs in the control room. Controllers' task needs must be researched and documented, and then represented in the HMI in a manner that is constant and consistent with Human Factors design guidelines. It is by applying a structured process and listening to controllers that we can provide them with highly effective HMIs. This book provides guidance for the HMI design process, and high-level direction for developing a highly effective HMI. It is not meant to deliver step-by-step instructions. The intention is to help guide and develop a strategy and lay the groundwork to get the HMI development process and required resources established.This book is based on the author's experience working with controllers in the pipeline industry for the last 18 years. In that time, she and her colleagues have worked in over 70 control rooms, evaluating control room environments, documenting controllers' tasks and observing controllers' interactions with other personnel and with the SCADA HMI. The author has also conducted Human Factors surveys with almost 1000 controllers in U.S., Canadian and Australian control rooms. The results of these surveys represent controllers' feedback on the SCADA HMI and are presented throughout this book.
This work provides users and designers of industrial control and monitoring systems with an easy-to-use, yet effective, method to configure, design, and validate human-machine interfaces. It includes systems such as distributed control systems, supervisory control and data acquisition systems, and stand-alone units.
"Machine, Meet Human: Designing a Useful Interface" is written to help anyone from any background get up to speed with the state of SCADA HMI graphics design and to teach the concepts of the most effective design ideas. The idea of graphic creation covered here is a holistic approach starting with the need. Then it progresses to understanding the aspects of the Machine and the Human; what makes them unique and what makes them similar. Finally we see how we can design with those understandings in mind to leverage existing habits and natural tendencies to create graphics that enhance efficiency and safety by working with the processing of the human component. This is not a "How-To", but rather a "Why-To" for graphics design. It is not intended to build templates or libraries for you. Rather it is intended to enable and empower you to build your own graphics, templates, libraries and palettes on any system platform in any operational environment. If you have human machine interface graphics to design you will want to read this. Whether you're an experienced designer or this is your first project, there is something here for you.
Automation systems, often referred to as SCADA systems, involve programming at several levels; these systems include computer type field controllers that monitor and control plant equipment such as conveyor systems, pumps, and user workstations that allow the user to monitor and control the equipment through color graphic displays. All of the components of these systems are integrated through a network, such as Ethernet for fast communications. This book provides a practical guide to developing the application software for all aspects of the automation system, from the field controllers to the user interface workstations. The focus of the book is to not only provide practical methods for designing and developing the software, but also to develop a complete set of software documentation. Providing tested examples and proceducres, this book will be indespensible to all engineers managing automation systems. Clear instructions with real-world examples Guidance on how to design and develop well-structured application programs Identification of software documentation requirements and organization of point names with logical naming system Guidance on best practice of standardized programming methods for SCADA systems
This substantial revision expands upon the first edition's broad coverage of key topics in the field of user interface design. The second edition highlights major issues in human factors, and combines descriptions of theoretical underpinnings with practical applications.
As the sophistication of cyber-attacks increases, understanding how to defend critical infrastructure systems—energy production, water, gas, and other vital systems—becomes more important, and heavily mandated. Industrial Network Security, Second Edition arms you with the knowledge you need to understand the vulnerabilities of these distributed supervisory and control systems. The book examines the unique protocols and applications that are the foundation of industrial control systems, and provides clear guidelines for their protection. This how-to guide gives you thorough understanding of the unique challenges facing critical infrastructures, new guidelines and security measures for critical infrastructure protection, knowledge of new and evolving security tools, and pointers on SCADA protocols and security implementation. All-new real-world examples of attacks against control systems, and more diagrams of systems Expanded coverage of protocols such as 61850, Ethernet/IP, CIP, ISA-99, and the evolution to IEC62443 Expanded coverage of Smart Grid security New coverage of signature-based detection, exploit-based vs. vulnerability-based detection, and signature reverse engineering