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Hardbound. A substantial amount of recent research has revealed that an understanding of weak intermolecular interactions is a most important priority in the chemical sciences today. One of the many advantages to ensue from such an understanding is that improved methods for the prediction and design of organic crystal structures have become possible. Concurrently, strategies for crystal engineering have advanced to such an extent to warrant the publication of this book in which the author reviews and evaluates past developments, and comments on future possibilities. The book is intended for three distinct groups of scientists: organic chemists and materials scientists who are now coordinating their efforts in designing molecular crystals for a variety of physical and chemical applications; physical and theoretical chemists who are concerned with intermolecular interactions in organic solids; crystallographers who attempt to search for patterns in crysta
Considering the high level of our knowledge concerning covalent bond formation in the organic chemistry of molecules, our understanding of the principles involved in organic solid design is almost in its infancy. While chemists today are able to synthesize organic molecules of very high complexity using sophisticated methods of preparation, they lack general approaches enabling them to reliably predict organic crystalline or solid structures from molecular descriptors - no matter how simple they are. On the other hand, nearly all the organic matter surrounding us is not in the single-molecule state but aggregated and condensed to form liquid or solid molecular assemblages and structural arrays giving rise to the appearances and properties of organic compounds we usually observe. Obviously, the electrical, optical or magnetic properties of solid organic materials that are important requirements for future technologies and high-tech applications, as well as the stability and solubility behavior of a medicament depend on the structure of the molecule and the intramolecular forces, but even more decisively on the intermolecular forces, i. e. the packing structure of the molecules to which a general approach is lacking. This situation concerned ]. Maddox some years ago to such a degree that he described it as "one of the continuing scandals in the physical sciences" [see (1998) Nature 335:201; see also Ball, P. (1996) Nature 381:648]. The problem of predicting organic solid and crystal structures is very dif- cult.
Crystal engineers need an understanding of bonding theory, computational chemistry, applied spectroscopy, structural methods, synthesis strategies, and applications of custom-designed solids. This book contains chapters on all these topics, written by internationally recognized experts, plus contributions from leading researchers in the field.
Interest in organic molecular solids extends to a range of fields including chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, and materials science. In chemistry, it applies to such topics as solid state reactivity, crystal engineering, theoretical approaches to crystal structure determination, and morphology control. In physics, electrical engineering, and materials science, the possibility of producing organic-based materials (such as crystals, polymers, thin films, or liquid crystals) with potential electronic, opto-electronic, and magnetic uses is a major area of current research interest throughout the world. Organic Molecular Solids examines the uses of organic-based materials over a wide range of applications and interests. Each chapter surveys a relevant topic, providing appropriate introductory background information and modern developments.
with contributions by numerous experts
This is the first comprehensive textbook on the physical aspects of organic solids. All phenomena which are necessary in order to understand modern technical applications are being dealt with in a way which makes the concepts of the topics accessible for students. The chapters - from the basics, production and characterization of organic solids and layers to organic semiconductors, superconductors and opto-electronical applications - have been arranged in a logical and well thought-out order.
Written by internationally recognized experts in the field with academic as well as industrial experience, this book concisely yet systematically covers all aspects of the topic. The monograph focuses on the optoelectronic behavior of organic solids and their application in new optoelectronic devices. It covers organic field-effect and organic electroluminescent materials and devices, organic photonics, materials and devices, as well as organic solids in photo absorption and energy conversion. Much emphasis is laid on the preparation of functional materials and the fabrication of devices, from materials synthesis and purification, to physicochemical properties and the basic processes and working principles of the devices. The only book to cover fundamentals, applications, and the latest research results, this is a handy reference for both researchers and those new to the field. From the contents: * Electronic process in organic solids * Organic/polymeric semiconductors for field-effect transistors * Organic/polymeric field-effect transistors * Organic circuits and organic single molecular transistors * Polymer light-emitting Diodes (PLEDs): devices and materials * Organic solids for photonics * Organic photonic devices * Organic solar cells based on small molecules * Polymer solar cells * Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) * Organic thermoelectric power devices
Although numerical data are, in principle, universal, the compilations presented in this book are extensively annotated and interleaved with text. This translation of the second German edition has been prepared to facilitate the use of this work, with all its valuable detail, by the large community of English-speaking scientists. Translation has also provided an opportunity to correct and revise the text, and to update the nomenclature. Fortunately, spectroscopic data and their relationship with structure do not change much with time so one can predict that this book will, for a long period of time, continue to be very useful to organic chemists involved in the identification of organic compounds or the elucidation of their structure. Klaus Biemann Cambridge, MA, April 1983 Preface to the First German Edition Making use of the information provided by various spectroscopic tech niques has become a matter of routine for the analytically oriented organic chemist. Those who have graduated recently received extensive training in these techniques as part of the curriculum while their older colleagues learned to use these methods by necessity. One can, therefore, assume that chemists are well versed in the proper choice of the methods suitable for the solution of a particular problem and to translate the experimental data into structural information.