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This book describes the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes). It covers fundamental knowledge on synthesis, structure, and properties of these new materials, and a description of their processing, scale-up and emerging applications. The ways in which the quickly expanding family of MXenes can outperform other novel nanomaterials in a variety of applications, spanning from energy storage and conversion to electronics; from water science to transportation; and in defense and medical applications, are discussed in detail.
In this comprehensive yet compact monograph, Michel W. Barsoum, one of the pioneers in the field and the leading figure in MAX phase research, summarizes and explains, from both an experimental and a theoretical viewpoint, all the features that are necessary to understand and apply these new materials. The book covers elastic, electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties in different temperature regimes. By bringing together, in a unifi ed, self-contained manner, all the information on MAX phases hitherto only found scattered in the journal literature, this one-stop resource offers researchers and developers alike an insight into these fascinating materials.
Microsupercapacitors systematically guides the reader through the key materials, characterization techniques, performance factors and potential applications and benefits to society of this emerging electrical energy storage solution. The book reviews the technical challenges in scaling down supercapacitors, covering materials, performance, design and applications perspectives. Sections provide a fundamental understanding of microsupercapacitors and compare them to existing energy storage technologies. Final discussions consider the factors that impact performance, potential tactics to improve performance, barriers to implementation, emerging solutions to those barriers, and a future outlook. This book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working in academia, research and development. Provides a concise introduction of the fundamental science, related technological challenges, and solutions that microsupercapacitors can offer Compares microsupercapacitors with current technologies Reviews the applications of new strategies and the challenge of scaling down supercapacitors Covers the most relevant applications, including energy storage, energy harvesting, sensors and biomedical devices
Textile-based energy storage devices are a flexible, safe, and lightweight solution to powering wearable electronic devices. While they have benefited from the discovery of new conductive materials and innovations in device design, the limited energy density of energy storage textiles has restricted their use in practical applications. To improve the electrochemical performance of such devices requires new electrode materials that have higher electronic conductivity and theoretical capacitance than present materials. Ti3C2Tx, the most studied member in the MXene family, is known for its metallic conductivity and high volumetric capacitance in acidic electrolytes due to its pseudocapacitive behavior. These properties, along with its processability, make MXene an attractive material for the development of electrodes, current collectors, and interconnects for textile-based energy storage devices. The first demonstrations of MXene-based fibers and yarns showed their potential to enable energy storage in textiles. However, achieving high loadings of MXene while simultaneously demonstrating flexibility presents a critical challenge, preventing their integration into textiles using industrial manufacturing equipment. In order to improve the properties of MXene-based fibers and yarns, a systematic study is needed to understand how flake size, concentration, polymer type, and fiber architecture influence fiber/yarn properties and device performance. This dissertation aims to design and develop MXene-based fiber and yarn electrodes with high electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance for the manufacture of knitted energy storage textiles. Various methods are explored to capture and infiltrate MXene into fibers and yarns, including electrospinning and coating. By producing MXene-based fibers and yarns with different architectures (coated and composite), MXene flake size, concentration, and polymer host, the effects of fundamental material and fabrication parameters on fiber and yarn properties (mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical) are investigated. The fabrication of meters of conductive and electrochemically active fiber/yarn electrodes enabled the development of the first prototypes of knitted energy storage devices using industrial machines. The relationship between knit structure and electrochemical performance is explored to provide insights into the design of knitted energy storage devices to maximize capacitance, energy density, and power density. This dissertation represents a major step towards the mass production of knittable yarn electrodes and textile energy storage devices and their use in practical applications. Keywords: 3D Knitting, Fibers, MXene, Nanomaterials, Smart Textiles, Textile Energy Storage
In this book, the authors cover the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization and application of various multi-layered carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides. Moreover, the processing and development of MXene-based composites are elaborated, focusing on their applications and performances as transparent conductors in environmental remediation and energy storage systems.
Particulate materials, Surfaces, Fineness, Adsorption, Nitrogen, Gases, Area measurement, Test equipment, Dimensions, Fineness tests, Permeability measurement, Solids, Porous materials, Gas analysis, Specimen preparation, Testing conditions, Mathematical calculations, Control samples, Adsorption indicators, Pressure, Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric analysis
MXenes and their Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Potential Applications presents a state of the art overview of the recent developments on the synthesis, functionalization, properties and emerging applications of two-dimensional (2D) MXenes and their composites.The book systematically describes the state-of-the-art knowledge and fundamentals of MXene synthesis, structure, surface chemistry and functionalization. The book also discusses the unique electronic, optical, mechanical and topological properties of MXenes. Besides, this book covers the various emerging applications of MXenes and their composites across different fields such as energy storage and conversion, gas sensing and biosensing, rechargeable lithium and sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulphur and multivalent batteries, electromagnetic interference shielding, hybrid capacitors and supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, catalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, gas separation and water desalination, environmental remediation and medical and biomedical applications. All these applications have been efficiently discussed in the specific chapters and in each case, the processing of MXene composites has also been discussed.This book will be an excellent reference for scientists and engineers across various disciplines and industries working in the field of highly promising 2D MXenes and their composites. The book will also act as a guide for academic researchers, material scientists, and advanced students in investigating the new applications of 2D MXenes based materials. Covers fundamentals of technologically important MAX phases, MXene derivatives, MXene synthesis methods, intercalation and delamination strategies, surface functionalization, fundamental characteristics and properties Demonstrates major application areas of MXenes, including catalytic, energy storage and energy generation, flexible electronics, EMI shielding, sensors and biosensors, medical and biomedical, gas separation and water desalination Presents a detailed discussion on the processing and performance of various MXenes towards different applications